Witchcraft in Europe in Middle Ages and Early Modern Period was believed to be a combination of sorcery and heresy. While sorcery attempts to produce negative supernatural effects through formulas and rituals, heresy is the Christian contribution to witchcraft in which an individual makes a pact with the Devil. In addition, heresy denies witches the recognition of important Christian values such as baptism, salvation, Christ and sacraments. In Early Modern European tradition, witches were stereotypically, though not exclusively, women. European pagan belief in witchcraft was associated with the goddess Diana and dismissed as "diabolical fantasies" by medieval Christian authors. Witch-hunts first appeared in large numbers during the 14th and 15th centuries. It was commonly believed that individuals with power and prestige were involved in acts of witchcraft and even cannibalism.Table of Contents:The Superstitions of Witchcraft by Howard WilliamsThe Devil in Britain and America by John AshtonLives of the Necromancers by William GodwinWitch, Warlock, and Magician by W. H. Davenport AdamsThe Witch Mania by Charles MackayMagic and Witchcraft by George MoirWitchcraft & Second Sight in the Highlands & Islands of Scotland by John G. CampbellWitchcraft and Superstitious Record in the South-Western District of Scotland by John Maxwell WoodPractitioners of Magic & Witchcraft and Clairvoyance by Bram StokerWitch Stories by E. Lynn LintonMary Schweidler, the Amber Witch by Wilhelm MeinholdSidonia, the Sorceress by Wilhelm MeinholdGlimpses of the Supernatural – Witchcraft and Necromancy by Frederick George LeeLetters On Demonology And Witchcraft by Sir Walter ScottLa Sorcière: The Witch of the Middle Ages by Jules MicheletModern Magic by M. Schele de Vere