1) OVERVIEW OF HEALTH ISSUES IN DOWN SYNDROME

Nancy J. Roizen, MDHealth Over life course

2) Health Outcomes of Infants and Toddlers with Down syndromeRobert M. Hodapp^1,2, Nancy Miodrag¹, Samantha E. Goldman^1,2, & Richard C. Urbano^1,3

3)Down syndrome: A literature review Authors Kelly Thomas BSc(OT) (Hons) ^1,2,Sonya Girdler PhD¹,Jenny Bourke MPH²,Aditya Deshpande BDS²,Katherine Bathgate BSc²,Stephanie Fehr BMedSci (Hons), BSc²,Helen Leonard MBChB, MPH²

4) Health conditions associated with aging and end of life of adults with Down syndrome Anna J. Esbensen, PhD

Systems and Diseases

5) CANCER AND DOWN SYNDROME

Johann K. Hitzler, MD, FRCP(C), FAAP

6) Cardiovascular Disorders in Down Syndrome

Jeroen C Vis^1,2, Klaartje van Engelen^1,2,3, Berto J Bouma¹, Catia M Bilardo⁴, Nico A Blom⁵, Barbara JM Mulder¹

7) Hearing Loss and Down Syndrome Heather Porter, BA. AuD. and Anne Marie Tharpe, PhD. Vanderbilt University8) Dementia in people who have Down Syndrome. Shoumitro Deb, MBBS, FRCPsych, MD, Consultant Psychiatrist & Clinical Professor of Neuropsychiatry & Intellectual Disability, University of Birmingham, UK.

9)Sociodemographic Characteristics of Families of Children with Down Syndrome and the Economic Impacts of Child Disability on Families Scott D. Grosse, PhDOther Issues

International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities is an ongoing scholarly look at research into the causes, effects, classification systems, syndromes, etc. of mental retardation. This thematic volume, "Health Issues in Down Syndrome," will cover health issues for individuals across the life span. With the life expectancy of individuals now reaching 60 years or more, it has transformed from an acute condition with a short life span to a chronic condition that needs to be managed over a close to normal life span. The extra chromosome 21 that defines most cases of Down syndrome affects the functioning of many biological processes and organ systems. The cascade of events triggered by the extra chromosome 21 creates a complex set of medical conditions needing to managed over the life span. The ability to manage these conditions has led to an improvement in longevity and quality of life for individuals with Down syndrome.