Neuromodulation is an emerging field that explores the use of electrical, chemical, and mechanical interventions to heal neurological deficits. Such neurostimulation has already shown great promise with disorders and diseases such as chronic pain, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. This is the first concise reference covering all of the basic principles of neuromodulation in a single affordable volume for neuro-residents, fellows, and basic clinical practitioners, edited by two prominent clinical experts in the field. This volume emphasizes essential observations from all of the important clinical phases involved in any neuromodulation: targeting, intraoperative assessment, programming, complications, and complication avoidance. There are commonalities to all neuromodulation procedures that must be brought to the forefront to form a cohesive presentation of neuromodulation, and such emphasis will give readers a more solid grounding in the fundamentals needed to embrace this field as a cohesive clinical entity. Chapters offer point-counterpoint commentary for varied perspectives Appendix distills current guidelines in easy, accessible format Chapters follow story of patient care, effectively emphasizing general principles with supporting examples Offers outstanding scholarship, with over 20% of chapters involving international contributors

Neuromodulation is an emerging field that explores the use of electrical, chemical, and mechanical interventions to heal neurological deficits. Such neurostimulation has already shown great promise with disorders and diseases such as chronic pain, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. This is the first concise reference covering all of the basic principles of neuromodulation in a single affordable volume for neuro-residents, fellows, and basic clinical practitioners, edited by two prominent clinical experts in the field. This volume emphasizes essential observations from all of the important clinical phases involved in any neuromodulation: targeting, intraoperative assessment, programming, complications, and complication avoidance. There are commonalities to all neuromodulation procedures that must be brought to the forefront to form a cohesive presentation of neuromodulation, and such emphasis will give readers a more solid grounding in the fundamentals needed to embrace this field as a cohesive clinical entity. Chapters offer point-counterpoint commentary for varied perspectives Appendix distills current guidelines in easy, accessible format Chapters follow story of patient care, effectively emphasizing general principles with supporting examples Offers outstanding scholarship, with over 20% of chapters involving international contributors

1;Cover;22;Front matter;23;Essential Neuromodulation;24;Copyright;55;Contents;66;Contributors;107;Introduction;128;Part I - The Neuromodulation Approach;148.1;Chapter 1 - The Neuromodulation Approach;168.1.1;Introduction;168.1.2;History;178.1.3;Applications;218.1.4;Ethics;228.1.5;Cost;248.1.6;References;279;Part II - Regions of Application;309.1;Chapter 2 - Cerebral - Surface;329.1.1;History;339.1.2;Anatomical constraints on targeting;349.1.3;Can cortical stimulation be optimized through modeling?;379.1.4;MI as a paradigm of cortical stimulation;429.1.5;Mechanism of action and parameters considerations;449.1.6;Comparing techniques of cortical stimulation;499.1.7;References;529.2;Chapter 3 - Cerebral - Deep;609.2.1;Introduction;609.2.2;The thalamus;609.2.3;Globus pallidus pars internus (GPi);669.2.4;Subthalamic nucleus (STN);699.2.5;PedunculoponTine nucleus (PPN);709.2.6;Deep cerebral targets for psychiatric illness;719.2.7;Hypothalamus;739.2.8;Conclusion;749.2.9;References;759.2.10;Commentary on Cerebral - Deep;829.2.11;References;849.3;Chapter 4 - Spinal - Extradural;869.3.1;Introduction;869.3.2;Epidural spinal cord stimulation: the procedure;889.3.3;Epidural stimulation to target specific disease states;929.3.4;Contraindications to SCS;979.3.5;Programming the epidural leads;999.3.6;Conclusion;1019.3.7;References;1019.3.8;Commentary on Spinal - Extradural;1059.3.9;Mechanisms;1059.3.10;Practice structure contribution;1069.3.11;References;1079.4;Chapter 5 - Peripheral Nerve;1089.4.1;Introduction;1089.4.2;General principles of PNS;1089.4.3;Specific PNS applications;1119.4.4;Vagal nerve stimulation;1139.4.5;Conclusion;1149.4.6;References;1149.4.7;Commentary on Peripheral Nerve;11810;Part III - The Neuromodulation Therapy Interface;12010.1;Chapter 6 - The Electrode - Materials and Configurations;12210.1.1;Physical basis of the electrode/electrolyte interface;12210.1.2;Charge injection across the electrode-electrolyte interface during electrical stimulation;12710.1.3;Charge injection for extracellular stimulation of excitable tissue;13310.1.4;Mechanisms of damage;13510.1.5;Design compromises for efficacious and safe electrical stimulation;13810.1.6;Materials used as electrodes for charge injection and reversible charge storage capacity;14210.1.7;Size and shape considerations;15010.1.8;References;15210.1.9;Commentary on The Electrode - Materials and Configurations;16010.1.10;Delivery of electrical energy;16010.1.11;Optimizing neural atitivation;16210.1.12;Injury produced by electrical stimulatiation;16310.2;Chapter 7 - The Electrode - Principles of the Neural Interface: Axons and Cell Bodies;16610.2.1;Introduction;16610.2.2;Electrode-brain interface;16610.2.3;Electric field;16710.2.4;Stimulated neural elements;16910.2.5;Cable equation and activating function;16910.2.6;Direct neural activation;17010.2.7;Indirect synaptic modulation;17110.2.8;Stimulation-induced network activity;17210.2.9;References;17310.2.10;Considerations for Quantitative Modeling of Excitation and Modulation of CNS neurons;17510.2.11;Introduction;17510.2.12;Part one: generation of potentials in tissue;17610.2.13;Part two: effects of extracellular potential on neurons;17710.2.14;Part three: network effects of CNS stimulation;17910.2.15;References;18010.3;Chapter 8 - The Electrode - Principles of the Neural Interface: Circuits;18210.3.1;Evidence in support of a DBS systems effect hypothesis;18310.3.2;Evidence related to DBS systems versus local effects hypotheses;18810.3.3;Regarding evidence for the DBS local effect hypothesis;19010.3.4;Evidence for the DBS systems effect hypothesis;19010.3.5;Implications of DBS for the physiology and pathophysiology of the BG-TH-CTX system;19810.3.6;Intellectual antecedents to the DBS local effect;19910.3.7;Implications of the DBS systems effect hypothesis on future surgical therapies;20010.3.8;Final note;20010.3.9;References;20110.3.10;