Whilst the greatest effort has been made to ensure the quality of this text, due to the historical nature of this content, in some rare cases there may be minor issues with legibility. A hydraulic ram is a machine with no moving parts, excepting two working valves and some times one air valve, and is used for raising a portion of the water which works it to a height, such as from a valley to a cistern in a house, or a reservoir or water tower, in some elevated position. Before describing the ram and its capabilities it will be advisable to explain certain principles in hydro-mechanics and thus help to make the action more Clearly understood. In earlier lectures the principles of what is commonly known as water-hammer in pipes were explained, and also the appliances used by plumbers for preventing the objectionable noises made when the flow of water in pipes is suddenly arrested.

A hydraulic ram is a machine with no moving parts, excepting two working valves and some times one air valve, and is used for raising a portion of the water which works it to a height, such as from a valley to a cistern in a house, or a reservoir or water tower, in some elevated position. Before describing the ram and its capabilities it will be advisable to explain certain principles in hydro-mechanics and thus help to make the action more Clearly understood. In earlier lectures the principles of what is commonly known as water-hammer in pipes were explained, and also the appliances used by plumbers for preventing the objectionable noises made when the flow of water in pipes is suddenly arrested.