Elisa Orofino is Academic Lead for Research on Extremism and Counter-Terrorism at the Policing Institute for the Eastern Region, Anglia Ruskin University, UK. She has published extensively on extremism, vocal extremist groups, radicalisation, Muslims in the West and social movements. Her publications encompass journal articles, book chapters, edited books and monographs, including Hizb ut-Tahrir and the Caliphate (Routledge, 2021).

Introduction: Why Do We Need a Handbook on Non-Violent Forms of Extremism? Part 1: Between Extremisms: Violence and Non-Violence across Multiple Ideologies 1. Sticky Ideologies and Non-Violent Heterodox Politics 2. "Screw Your Optics": The Ambivalent Role of Violence in Islamist and Far-Right Extremism 3. "Boys who hate girls, who hate boys, who hate girls": A Quantitative Exploration of the Relationship between Misogyny, Socio-Political Outlook, and Support for Violence in Europe Part 2: 'Old' & 'New' Religious Extremisms: Non-Violent Islamist, Buddhist and Hindu Movements 4. When Ideology is All That Matters! Exploring Non-violent Islamism through Fetullah Gülen and Taqiuddin An-Nabhani 5. The Tabligh Jama'at and Its Non-Violent Resoluteness 6. Reaction, Restoration, and the Return of Alpha-Islam: Wahhabism From Premodern Ideas to Postmodern Identities 7. The New Landscape of Extremism and Its Intersection with Political Islamists in Turkey 8. The Muslim Brotherhood in the West: Firewall or Conveyor Belt? Insights From the British Debate 9. Nativist Expressions of Non-Violent Extremism in Malaysia: The Case of Ikatan Muslimin Malaysia (ISMA: Muslim Solidarity Front of Malaysia) 10. Non-Violent Salafist Political Engagement: Comparing Egypt's Al-Nour Party with Kuwait's Islamic Salafi Alliance 11. Debating Islamism as an Expression of Political Islam 12. Enraged Buddhism: Violent, Non-Violent and 'Not-Violent' Extremism in Myanmar 13. Buddhist Constructions as a Tool of Non-Violent Extremism in Post-Conflict Sri Lanka 14. Current Trends in Buddhist Extremism and Anti-Muslim Ideology: A Study of Sri Lanka Part 3: Far-Right Extremism: Non-Violence Among Movements on the Exclusionary Right 15. Barriers to Violence Activism on the UK Far Right: The Case of the (Democratic) Football Lads Alliance 16. The Appeal of the New Far Right in the United Kingdom: A Look Inside the New Far-Right Recruitment Pool 17. Weaponising the Alliance for the Unity of Romanians (AUR): Novelties and Continuums in Romania's Far-Right Political Extremism 18. Far-Right Nationalist Politics in Turkey: Division of the Nationalist Camp between the MHP and the Good Party 19. The Greek White Power Music Scene: Feeding Extremism with Lyrics 20. The Identitarian Movement and its Contemporary Manifestations 21. Far-Right PEGIDA: Non-Violent Protest and the Blurred Lines between the Radical and Extreme Right 22. Metapolitics and the US Far-Right: On the "Non-Violent" Approach to Alt-Right Social Transformation 23. Anti-Gender Campaigns as a Threat to Liberal Democracy Part 4: Post-Modern Extremisms? Non-Violent Left-Wing, Feminist and Environmental Movements since the 1970s 24. The Case of DiEM25: A Unique Transnational Political Movement in 21st-Century European Politics 25. Left-wing Radicalism in Australia: The Complexities of the Radical Left's (Non)Violent Struggle Against Fascism 26. Overthrowing the Capitalist Social Order: The Forgotten Extremism of the British Women's Movement 27. Becoming through Non-Violent Resistance: The Rise of Feminist Consciousness in Chile 28. The Degrowth Movement in France: From the Edges to the Centre of the Ecological Debate 29. A Spatial Account of Non-Violent Environmental Extremism in Australia 30. "Animals and the Earth can't wait - get off your ass and fight!": Animal Liberation Front Vigilantism in the Era of Climate Crisis 31. The Phoney War? Radical Environmentalists, Animal Rights Activists and Direct Action 32. 'The Great Refusal': Radical Environmental Resistance Against Contemporary Ecological Breakdown Conclusion: Key Findings, Lessons Learnt and Future Avenues of Research

This Handbook provides the first in-depth analysis of non-violent extremism across different ideologies and geographic centres, a topic overshadowed until now by the political and academic focus on violent and jihadi extremism in the Global North.