This book will answer questions for anyone who has ever visited the pharmacy and wondered how the dosage of their prescription is determined. Dosing information on drug labels is based on discussion between the pharmaceutical manufacturer and the drug regulatory agency, and the label is a summary of results obtained by scientists. This book introduces the drug development process, the design and analysis of clinical trials. Important procedural steps from a pharmaceutical industry perspective are also examined. Although the book is written mainly for statisticians/biostatisticians, it also serves as a useful reference to a variety of professionals working for the pharmaceutical industry and those in a drug regulatory environment. Additionally, statistical and medical professionals in academia may find this book helpful in understanding the drug development process and practical concerns in selecting doses for a new drug.

and New Drug Development Process.- Dose Finding Based on Preclinical Studies.- Dose-Finding Studies in Phase I and Estimation of Maximally Tolerated Dose.- Dose-Finding in Oncology-Nonparametric Methods.- Dose Finding in Oncology-Parametric Methods.- Dose Response: Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Approach.- General Considerations in Dose-Response Study Designs.- Clinical Trial Simulation-A Case Study Incorporating Efficacy and Tolerability Dose Response.- Analysis of Dose-Response Studies-Emax Model.- Analysis of Dose-Response Studies-Modeling Approaches.- Multiple Comparison Procedures in Dose Response Studies.- Partitioning Tests in Dose-Response Studies with Binary Outcomes.- Analysis of Dose-Response Relationship Based on Categorical Outcomes.- Power and Sample Size for Dose Response Studies.

This book emphasizes dose selection issues from a statistical point of view. It presentsstatisticalapplicationsinthedesignandanalysisofdose-responsestudies. The importance of this subject can be found from the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) E4 Guidance document. Establishing the dose-response relationship is one of the most important act- ities in developing a new drug. A clinical development program for a new drug can be broadly divided into four phases - namely Phases I, II, III, and IV. Phase I clinical trials are designed to study the clinical pharmacology. Information - tained from these studies will help in designing Phase II studies. Dose-response relationshipsareusuallystudiedinPhaseII.PhaseIIIclinicaltrialsarelarge-scale, long-term studies. These studies serve to con?rm ?ndings from Phases I and II. ResultsobtainedfromPhasesI,II,andIIIclinicaltrialswouldthenbedocumented and submitted to regulatory agencies for drug approval. In the United States, - viewers from Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review these documents and make a decision to approve or to reject this New Drug Application (NDA). If the new drug is approved, then Phase IV studies can be started. Phase IV clinical trials are also known as postmarketing studies.