A comprehensive reference on state-of-the-art risk assessment methodologies for drinking water Risk Assessment for Chemicals in Drinking Water discusses the major steps and goals in risk assessments and suggests ways to improve the methodologies and accuracy, while consolidating up-to-date information on the current principles and practices in one authoritative reference. After an enlightening overview of risk assessment practices and regulatory guidelines, it: Includes descriptions of the use of variability analysis, exposure analysis, physiologically based pharmacokinetics, and modeling for both cancer and non-cancer endpoints Describes the practices of major organizations, including the U.S. EPA, Health Canada, World Health Organization, and California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Includes complete chapters on risk assessment for essential nutrients, arsenic, chloroform, and perchlorate Explains how to address susceptible sub-populations, including the elderly and infants and children, in risk assessments Covers the potential of using genomic and proteomic screens Addresses recent advances, emerging issues, and future challenges With contributions and perspectives from leading scientists, this is the definitive resource for health and environmental scientists, toxicologists, risk assessors and managers, regulators, consultants, and other professionals responsible for the safety of drinking water.

A comprehensive reference on state-of-the-art risk assessmentmethodologies for drinking waterRisk Assessment for Chemicals in Drinking Water discussesthe major steps and goals in risk assessments and suggests ways toimprove the methodologies and accuracy, while consolidatingup-to-date information on the current principles and practices inone authoritative reference. After an enlightening overview of riskassessment practices and regulatory guidelines, it:* Includes descriptions of the use of variability analysisexposure analysis, physiologically based pharmacokinetics, andmodeling for both cancer and non-cancer endpoints* Describes the practices of major organizations, including theU.S. EPA, Health Canada, World Health Organization, and CaliforniaOffice of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment* Includes complete chapters on risk assessment for essentialnutrients, arsenic, chloroform, and perchlorate* Explains how to address susceptible sub-populations, includingthe elderly and infants and children, in risk assessments* Covers the potential of using genomic and proteomicscreens* Addresses recent advances, emerging issues, and futurechallengesWith contributions and perspectives from leading scientists, thisis the definitive resource for health and environmental scientiststoxicologists, risk assessors and managers, regulatorsconsultants, and other professionals responsible for the safety ofdrinking water.

Contributors.Foreword.Preface.1 Introduction to Drinking Water Risk Assessment(Robert A. Howd).Development of Drinking Water Regulations.The Risk Assessment Process.Public Perceptions and the Precautionary Principle.2 Summary of the Development of Federal Drinking WaterRegulations and Health-Based Guidelines for ChemicalContaminants (Joyce Morrissey Donohue and Wynne MaynorMiller).Selecting Candidates for Regulatory Consideration.Key Components for Regulatory Development.Development of Regulatory Values.Nonregulatory Options.3 Interpretation of Toxicologic Data for Drinking Water RiskAssessment (Robert A. Howd and Anna M. Fan).Animal Toxicity Studies.Human Toxicity Studies.Conclusions.4 Exposure Source and Multiroute Exposure Considerations forRisk Assessment of Drinking Water Contaminants(KannanKrishnan and Richard Carrier).Exposure Source Considerations in Risk Assessment.Routes of Exposure and Dose Calculations.5 Toxicokinetics for Drinking Water Risk Assessment(John C. Lipscomb).Evaluation of Toxicity Data.Toxicokinetics: PBPK Modeling.Risk Assessment.Conclusions.6 Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures in DrinkingWater (Richard C. Hertzberg, Glenn E. Rice, Linda K.Teuschler, J. Michael Wright, and Jane E. Simmons).Drinking Water Mixture Concerns.Estimating Exposures to Multiple Chemicals in DrinkingWater.Toxicological Concepts for Joint Toxicity.Chemical Mixtures Risk Assessment Methods.New Approaches for Assessing Risk from Exposure to DrinkingWater Mixtures.Conclusions.References.7 Protection of Infants, Children, and Other SensitiveSubpopulations (George V. Alexeeff and Melanie A.Marty).Factors Influencing Differences in Susceptibility BetweenInfants and Children and Adults.Critical Systems and Periods in Development.Age at Exposure and Susceptibility to Carcinogens.Drinking Water Standards Developed to Protect Sensitive.Subpopulations.References.8 Risk Assessment for Essential Nutrients (JoyceMorrissey Donohue).Assessment Approaches.Comparison of Guideline Values.Risk Assessment Recommendations.References.9 Risk Assessment for Arsenic in Drinking Water(Joseph P. Brown).Occurrence and Exposure.Metabolism.Health Effects.Risk Assessment.Conclusions.References.10 Risk Assessment for Chloroform, Reconsidered(Richard Sedman).Carcinogenic Effects.Noncancer Toxic Effects.Mechanisms of Carcinogenicity.Regulation of Cancer Risk.Discussion.References.11 Risk Assessment of a Thyroid Hormone Disruptor:Perchlorate (David Ting).BackgroundHuman Health Risk Assessment.Risk Characterization and Conclusions.References.12 Emerging Contaminants in Drinking Water: A CaliforniaPerspective (Steven A. Book and David P. Spath).Emerging Chemicals of the Recent Past.Newer Emerging Contaminants.Future Emerging Chemicals.Conclusions.References.13 U.S. EPA Drinking Water Field Office Perspectives andNeeds for Risk Assessment (Bruce A. Macler).The Nature of Regulatory Risk Assessments.Use of Drinking Water Risk Information in EPA Field Offices.Conclusions.References.14 Risk Assessment: Emerging Issues, Recent Advances, andFuture Challenges (Anna M. Fan and Robert A. Howd).Emerging Issues.Advances in Science, Approaches, and Methods.Conclusions.References.Index.