Erich Neumann, der berühmteste Schüler und Mitarbeiter C. G. Jungs, wurde 1905 in Berlin geboren und starb 1960 in Israel.Carl G. Jung, geb. am 26. Juli 1875 in Kesswil in der Schweiz, studierte Medizin und arbeitete von 1900-09 an der psychiatrischen Klinik der Universität Zürich (Burghölzli). 1905-13 war er Dozent an der Universität Zürich, 1933-42 Titularprofessor an der ETH und 1943 Ordentlicher Professor für Psychologie in Basel. Jung gehört mit Sigmund Freud und Alfred Adler zu den drei Wegbereitern der modernen Tiefenpsychologie. Er entwickelte nach der Trennung von Sigmund Freud (1913) die eigene Schule der Analytischen Psychologie. C. G. Jung starb am 6. Juni 1961 in Küsnacht.

Translator's Note vi Note of Acknowledgement vi List of Illustrations xi Foreword by C.G. Jung xiii Introduction xv Part I: THE MYTHOLOGICAL STAGES IN THE EVOLUTION OF CONSCIOUSNESS A: THE CREATION MYTH I The Uroboros 5 II The Great Mother 39 III The Separation of the World Parents: The Principle of Opposites 102 B: THE HERO MYTH I The Birth of the Hero 131 II The Slaying of the Mother 152 III The Slaying of the Fater 170 C: THE TRANSFORMATION MYTH I The Captive and the Treasure 195 II Transformation, or Osiris 220 PART II: THE PYSCHOLOGICAL STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY A: THE ORIGINAL UNITY Controversion and Ego Formation 261 The Ego Germ in the Original Uroboric Situation 266 Development of the Ego out of the Uroboros 275 Centroversion in Organisms on the Uroboric Level 286 Centroversion, Ego, and Consciousness 293 Further Phases of Ego Development 306 B: THE SEPARATION OF THE SYSTEMS Centroversion and Differentiation 315 The Fragmentation of Archetypes 320 Exhaustion of Emotional Components: Rationalization 321 Secondary Personalization 335 The Transformation of Pleasure-Pain Components 342 The Formation of Authorities within the Personality 349 The Synthetic Function of Ego 356 C: THE BALANCE AND CRISIS OF CONSCIOUSNESS Compensation of the Separated Systems: Culture in Balance 363 The Schism of the Systems: Culture in Crisis 381 D: CENTROVERSION AND THE STAGES OF LIFE Prolongation of Childhood and Differentiation of Consciousness 397 Activation of Collective Unconscious and Ego Changes in Puberty 407 Self-Realization of Centroversion in the Second Half of Life 409 APPENDICES I The Group and the Great Individual 421 II Mass Man and the Phenomena of Recollectivization 436 Bibliography 445 Index 461

The Origins and History of Consciousness draws on a full range of world mythology to show how individual consciousness undergoes the same archetypal stages of development as human consciousness as a whole. Erich Neumann was one of C. G. Jung's most creative students and a renowned practitioner of analytical psychology in his own right. In this influential book, Neumann shows how the stages begin and end with the symbol of the Uroboros, the tail-eating serpent. The intermediate stages are projected in the universal myths of the World Creation, Great Mother, Separation of the World Parents, Birth of the Hero, Slaying of the Dragon, Rescue of the Captive, and Transformation and Deification of the Hero. Throughout the sequence, the Hero is the evolving ego consciousness.