Evolutionary game theory has the potential to provide an integrated framework to model many aspects of evolution, development, and ecology. The reliable use of game models, however, requires an understanding of their behaviour when the number of players becomes very large, resulting in the emergence of thermodynamic limits. This book presents methods to derive large-deviations limits for population processes, and apply these to game models illustrating the many roles of symmetry and collective fluctuations in evolutionary dynamics.

When can a finite, coarse-grained theory adequately describe an infinitely more complicated world? This question is central to the choice and calibration of evolutionary models. The same question was at the center of progress in condensed matter physics and particle theory in the 20th century, where it led to a reconceptualization of the nature of objects and interactions in statistical terms. The key concepts in this new understanding were the roles of symmetry and collective fluctuations.This review considers the problem of modeling stochastic evolutionary dynamics from the perspective that all evolutionary theories are ultimately effective theories: the robust properties and predictions of models are those that do not depend sensitively on the many parameters in any real system that are impossible to estimate or even identify. The tool to extract such robust properties is the large-deviations theory of stochastic population processes. Games enter evolutionary modeling as a general framework to capture the constructive dynamics that map genotypes in their population context to phenotypes and fitness consequences.In this book, the authors present methods to derive large-deviations limits for population processes, and apply these to game models illustrating the many roles of symmetry and collective fluctuations in evolutionary dynamics. Problems considered include the origin of dynamics that span large scales from individuals to populations, the spontaneous emergence of multilevel selection, subtleties of the gene concept, and corrections to fitness from evolutionary entropies in systems with neutral directions.

Preface
1 Introduction: bringing together Darwinian evolution and games
2 Transmission, development, selection: the Price equation and the role of games
3 Extensive-form games: genomes to genes
4 Symmetry and collective fluctuations: large deviations and scaling in population processes
5 Discrete symmetries and emergent multiscale dynamics
6 Limit cycles and noisy clocks
7 Neutral directions and evolutionary entropy
8 Complex neutral spaces and “dressed” genes
9 One game theory

When can a finite, coarse-grained theory adequately describe an infinitely more complicated world? This question is central to the choice and calibration of evolutionary models. The same question was at the center of progress in condensed matter physics and particle theory in the 20th century, where it led to a reconceptualization of the nature of objects and interactions in statistical terms. The key concepts in this new understanding were the roles of symmetry and collective fluctuations.This review considers the problem of modeling stochastic evolutionary dynamics from the perspective that all evolutionary theories are ultimately effective theories: the robust properties and predictions of models are those that do not depend sensitively on the many parameters in any real system that are impossible to estimate or even identify. The tool to extract such robust properties is the large-deviations theory of stochastic population processes. Games enter evolutionary modeling as a general framework to capture the constructive dynamics that map genotypes in their population context to phenotypes and fitness consequences.In this book, the authors present methods to derive large-deviations limits for population processes, and apply these to game models illustrating the many roles of symmetry and collective fluctuations in evolutionary dynamics. Problems considered include the origin of dynamics that span large scales from individuals to populations, the spontaneous emergence of multilevel selection, subtleties of the gene concept, and corrections to fitness from evolutionary entropies in systems with neutral directions.