In The Black Urban Atlantic, eleven original essays by leading scholars from the United States, Europe, and Latin America chronicle the black experience in Atlantic ports, providing a rich and diverse portrait of the ways in which Africans experienced urban life during the era of plantation slavery.

During the era of the Atlantic slave trade, vibrant port cities became home to thousands of Africans in transit. Free and enslaved blacks alike crafted the necessary materials to support transoceanic commerce and labored as stevedores, carters, sex workers, and boarding-house keepers. Even though Africans continued to be exchanged as chattel, urban frontiers allowed a number of enslaved blacks to negotiate the right to hire out their own time, often greatly enhancing their autonomy within the Atlantic commercial system.

In The Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade, eleven original essays by leading scholars from the United States, Europe, and Latin America chronicle the black experience in Atlantic ports, providing a rich and diverse portrait of the ways in which Africans experienced urban life during the era of plantation slavery. Describing life in Portugal, Brazil, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Africa, this volume illuminates the historical identity, agency, and autonomy of the African experience as well as the crucial role Atlantic cities played in the formation of diasporic cultures. By shifting focus away from plantations, this volume poses new questions about the nature of slavery in the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, illustrating early modern urban spaces as multiethnic sites of social connectivity, cultural incubation, and political negotiation.

Contributors: Trevor Burnard, Mariza de Carvalho Soares, Matt D. Childs, Kevin Dawson, Roquinaldo Ferreira, David Geggus, Jane Landers, Robin Law, David Northrup, João José Reis, James H. Sweet, Nicole von Germeten.

Introduction
—Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra, Matt D. Childs, and James Sidbury

I. AFRICAN IDENTITIES IN ATLANTIC SPACES
Chapter 1. Identity among Liberated Africans in Sierra Leone
—David Northrup
Chapter 2. Ouidah as a Multiethnic Community
—Robin Law
Chapter 3. African Nations in Nineteenth-Century Salvador, Bahia
—João José Reis

II. THE SOURCES OF BLACK AGENCY
Chapter 4. Re-creating African Ethnic Identities in Cuba
—Matt D. Childs
Chapter 5. The Slaves and Free People of Color of Cap Français
—David Geggus
Chapter 6. Kingston, Jamaica: Crucible of Modernity
—Trevor Burnard

III. URBAN SPACES AND BLACK AUTONOMY
Chapter 7. The African Landscape of Seventeenth-Century Cartagena and Its Hinterlands
—Jane Landers
Chapter 8. The Cultural Geography of Enslaved Ship Pilots
—Kevin Dawson
Chapter 9. Slavery and the Social and Cultural Landscapes of Luanda
—Roquinaldo Ferreira
Chapter 10. African Barbeiros in Brazilian Slave Ports
—Mariza de Carvalho Soares

IV. BLACK IDENTITIES IN NONPLANTATION ECONOMIES
Chapter 11. The Hidden Histories of African Lisbon
—James H. Sweet
Chapter 12. Black Brotherhoods in Mexico City
—Nicole von Germeten

List of Contributors
Notes
Bibliographic Essay
Index
Acknowledgments