WOUND ROTOR INDUCTION GENERATORS (WRIGs): STEADY STATE Introduction Construction Elements Steady-State Equations Equivalent Circuit Phasor Diagrams Operation at the Power Grid Autonomous Operation of WRIG Operation of WRIG in the Brushless Exciter Mode Losses and Efficiency of WRIG Summary References WOUND ROTOR INDUCTION GENERATORS: TRANSIENTS AND CONTROL Introduction The WRIG Phase Coordinate Model The Space-Phasor Model of WRIG Space-Phasor Equivalent Circuits and Diagrams Approaches to WRIG Transients Static Power Converters for WRIGs Vector Control of WRIG at Power Grid Direct Power Control (DPC) of WRIG at Power Grid Independent Vector Control of Positive and Negative Sequence Currents Motion-Sensorless Control Vector Control in Stand-Alone Operation Self-Starting, Synchronization, and Loading at the Power Grid Voltage and Current Low-Frequency Harmonics of WRIG Summary References WOUND ROTOR INDUCTION GENERATORS (WRIGs): DESIGN AND TESTING Introduction Design Specifications: An Example Stator Design Rotor Design Magnetization Current Reactances and Resistances Electrical Losses and Efficiency Testing of WRIGs Summary References SELF-EXCITED INDUCTION GENERATORS Introduction The Cage Rotor Induction Machine Principle Self-Excitation: A Qualitative View Steady-State Performance of Three-Phase SEIGs Performance Sensitivity Analysis Pole Changing SEIGs for Variable Speed Operation Unbalanced Operation of Three-Phase SEIGs One Phase Open at Power Grid Three-Phase SEIG with Single-Phase Output Two-Phase SEIGs with Single-Phase Output Three-Phase SEIG Transients Parallel Connection of SEIGs Connection Transients in Cage Rotor Induction Generators at Power Grid More on Power Grid Disturbance Transients in Cage Rotor Induction Generators Summary References STATOR CONVERTER CONTROLLED INDUCTION GENERATORS (SCIGs) Introduction Grid Connected SCIGs: The Control System Grid Connection and Four-Quadrant Operation of SCIGs Stand-Alone Operation of SCIG Parallel Operation of SCIGs Static Capacitor Exciter Stand-Alone IG for Pumping Systems Operation of SCIGs with DC Voltage Controlled Output Dual Stator Winding for Grid Applications Summary References AUTOMOTIVE CLAW-POLE-ROTOR GENERATOR SYSTEMS Introduction Construction and Principle Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC) Modeling Three-Dimensional Finite Element Method (3D FEM) Modeling Losses, Efficiency, and Power Factor Design Improvement Steps The Lundell Starter/Generator for Hybrid Vehicles Summary References INDUCTION STARTER/ALTERNATORS (ISAs) FOR ELECTRIC HYBRID VEHICLES (EHVs) EHV Configuration Essential Specifications Topology Aspects of Induction Starter/Alternator (ISA) ISA Space-Phasor Model and Characteristics Vector Control of ISA DTFC of ISA ISA Design Issues for Variable Speed Summary References PERMANENT-MAGNET-ASSISTED RELUCTANCE SYNCHRONOUS STARTER/ALTERNATORS FOR ELECTRIC HYBRID VEHICLES Introduction Topologies of PM-RSM Finite Element Analysis The d-q Model of PM-RSM Steady-State Operation at No Load and Symmetric Short-Circuit Design Aspects for Wide Speed Range Constant Power Operation Power Electronics for PM-RSM for Automotive Applications Control of PM-RSM for EHV State Observers without Signal Injection for Motion Sensorless Control Signal Injection Rotor Position Observers Initial and Low Speed Rotor Position Tracking Summary References SWITCHED RELUCTANCE GENERATORS AND THEIR CONTROL Introduction Practical Topologies and Principles of Operation SRG(M) Modeling The Flux/Current/Position Curves Design Issues PWM Converters for SRGs Control of SRG(M)s Direct Torque Control of SRG(M)s Rotor Position and Speed Observers for Motion-Sensorless Control Output Voltage Control in SRG Summary References PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR SYSTEMS Introduction Practical Configurations and Their Characterization Airgap Field Distribution, emf and Torque Stator Core Loss Modeling The Circuit Model Circuit Model of PMSG with Shunt Capacitors and AC Load Circuit Model of PMSG with Diode Rectifier Load Utilization of Third Harmonic for PMSG with Diode Rectifiers Autonomous PMSGs with Controlled Constant Speed and AC Load Grid-Connected Variable-Speed PMSG System The PM Genset with Multiple Outputs Super-High-Speed PM Generators: Design Issues Super-High-Speed PM Generators: Power Electronics Control Issues Design of a 42 Vdc Battery-Controlled-Output PMSG System Methods for Testing PMSGs Note on Medium-Power Vehicular Electric Generator Systems Summary References TRANSVERSE FLUX AND FLUX REVERSAL PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR SYSTEMS Introduction The Three-Phase Transverse Flux Machine (TFM): Magnetic Circuit Design TFM: The d-q Model and Steady State The Three-Phase Flux Reversal Permanent Magnet Generator: Magnetic and Electric Circuit Design Summary References LINEAR MOTION ALTERNATORS (LMAs) Introduction LMA Principle of Operation PM-LMA with Coil Mover Multipole LMA with Coil Plus Iron Mover PM-Mover LMAs The Tubular Homopolar PM Mover Single-Coil LMA The Flux Reversal LMA with Mover PM Flux Concentration PM-LMAs with Iron Mover The Flux Reversal PM-LMA Tubular Configuration Control of PM-LMAs Progressive-Motion LMAs for Maglevs with Active Guideway Summary References INDEX

Part of the two-volume Electric Generators Handbook, Variable Speed Generators provides a comprehensive reference for the topologies, modeling, control, design, and testing of standard and emerging variable speed generator systems. The first five chapters examine wound rotor induction generators for operation in stand-alone and power grid modes and cage rotor induction generators. The next four chapters target the automotive and aircraft industries, examining emerging systems for integrated starter alternators. The final chapters deal with PM generator systems and linear-motion alternators (LMAs). Case studies, digital simulations, and test results are provided throughout the book.