This book provides a detailed examination of the concentration, form and cycling of trace metals and metalloids through the aquatic biosphere, and has sections dealing with the atmosphere, the ocean, lakes and rivers. It discusses exchanges at the water interface (air/water and sediment/water) and the major drivers of the cycling, concentration and form of trace metals in aquatic systems. The initial chapters focus on the fundamental principles and modelling approaches needed to understand metal concentration, speciation and fate in the aquatic environment, while the later chapters focus on specific environments, with case studies and research highlights. Specific examples deal with metals that are of particular scientific interest, such as mercury, iron, arsenic and zinc, and the book deals with both pollutant and required (nutrient) metals and metalloids. The underlying chemical principles controlling toxicity and bioavailability of these elements to microorganisms and to the aquatic food chain are also discussed. Readership: Graduate students studying environmental chemistry and related topics, as well as scientists and managers interested in the cycling of trace substances in aqueous systems Additional resources for this book can be found at: wiley.com/go/mason/tracemetals.

This book provides a detailed examination of the concentration, form and cycling of trace metals and metalloids through the aquatic biosphere, and has sections dealing with the atmosphere, the ocean, lakes and rivers. It discusses exchanges at the water interface (air/water and sediment/water) and the major drivers of the cycling, concentration and form of trace metals in aquatic systems. The initial chapters focus on the fundamental principles and modelling approaches needed to understand metal concentration, speciation and fate in the aquatic environment, while the later chapters focus on specific environments, with case studies and research highlights.Specific examples deal with metals that are of particular scientific interest, such as mercury, iron, arsenic and zinc, and the book deals with both pollutant and required (nutrient) metals and metalloids. The underlying chemical principles controlling toxicity and bioavailability of these elements to microorganisms and to the aquatic food chain are also discussed.Readership: Graduate students studying environmental chemistry and related topics, as well as scientists and managers interested in the cycling of trace substances in aqueous systemsAdditional resources for this book can be found at: wiley.com/go/mason/tracemetals.

Chapter 1: Introduction1.1 A Historical Background to Metal Aquatic Chemistry1.2. Historical Problems with Metal Measurements in Environmental Media1.3 Recent Advances in Aquatic Metal AnalysisChapter 2: An Introduction to the Cycling of Metals in the Biosphere2.1 The Hydrologic Cycle2.2 An Introduction to the Global Cycling of Trace Metals2.3 Global Cycles of Some Important Trace Metals2.4 Chapter Summary - Main PointsChapter 3: Chemical Thermodynamics and Metal(loid) Complexation in Natural Waters3.1 Thermodynamic Background for Understanding Trace Metal(loid) Complexation3.2 Bonding, Electronic Configuration and Complex Formation3.3 Complexation of Metals in Solution3.4 Trace Metal Interactions with the Solid Phase3.5. Redox Transformations and Thermodynamic Calculations3.6. Chapter SummaryChapter 4: Modeling Approaches to Estimating Speciation and Interactions in Aqueous Systems4.1 Introduction4.2 The Underlying Basis and Application of Chemical Equilibrium Models4.3 Adsorption Modeling4.4 Modeling Interactions between Cations and Organic Matter and Inorganic Surfaces4.5 Modeling Redox Transformations4.6 Modeling the Kinetics of Reactions4.7 Incorporating Kinetics and Thermodynamics into Fate and Transport Modeling4.8. Chapter SummaryChapter 5: Metal(loid)s in the Atmosphere and their Inputs to Surface Waters5.1 Introduction5.2 Atmospheric Transport and Deposition5.3 Atmospheric Chemistry and Surface Water Photochemistry of Metals5.4 Solubilization of Aerosol Metal(loid)s in Natural Waters5.5 Focus Topics5.6 Inputs of Atmospheric Metals to the Biosphere5.7 Chapter SummaryChapter 6: Trace Metal(loid)s in Marine Waters6.1 Introduction6.2 Metal(loid) Partitioning in Coastal and Open Ocean Waters6.3 Metals in Coastal and Offshore Sediments6.4 Metal Distributions in Open Ocean Waters6.5 Chapter SummaryChapter 7: Trace Metals in Freshwater7.1 Overview of Metal cycling in Freshwaters7.2 Trace Element Cycling in Lakes7.3 Trace Elements in Rivers and Groundwater7.4 Human Activities and Their Impact on Trace metal(loid) Concentration in Drinking Water and Receiving Waters7.5 Metal Stable Isotopes and Their Uses7.6 Chapter SummaryChapter 8: Trace Metals and Organisms: Essential and Toxic Metals, Organometallics, Microbial Processes and Metal Bioaccumulation8.1 Introduction8.2 Mechanisms of Metal Accumulation by Microorganisms8.3 Essential Trace Metals8.4 Organometallic Compounds and Microbial Transformation of Metals8.5 Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation8.6 Chapter SummaryIndex