The deep sea covers over 60% of the surface of the earth, yet less than 1% has been scientifically investigated. There is growing pressure on deep-sea resources and on researchers to deliver information on biodiversity and the effects of human impacts on deep-sea ecosystems. Although scientific knowledge has increased rapidly in recent decades, there exist large gaps in global sampling coverage of the deep sea, and major efforts continue to be directed into offshore research. Biological Sampling in the Deep Sea represents the first comprehensive compilation of deep-sea sampling methodologies for a range of habitats. It reviews the real life applications of current, and in some instances developing, deep-sea sampling tools and techniques. In creating this book the authors have been able to draw upon the experiences of those at the 'coal face' of deep-sea sampling, expanding on the existing methodological texts whilst encompassing a level of technical detail often omitted from journal publications. Ultimately the book will promote international consistency in sampling approaches and data collection, advance the integration of information into global databases, and facilitate improved data analyses and consequently uptake of science results for the management and conservation of the deep-sea environment. The book will appeal to a range of readers, including students, early-career through to seasoned researchers, as well as environmental managers and policy makers wishing to understand how the deep-sea is sampled, the challenges associated with deep survey work, and the type of information that can be obtained.

The deep sea covers over 60% of the surface of the earth, yet less than 1% has been scientifically investigated. There is growing pressure on deep-sea resources and on researchers to deliver information on biodiversity and the effects of human impacts on deep-sea ecosystems. Although scientific knowledge has increased rapidly in recent decades, there exist large gaps in global sampling coverage of the deep sea, and major efforts continue to be directed into offshore research.Biological Sampling in the Deep Sea represents the first comprehensive compilation of deep-sea sampling methodologies for a range of habitats. It reviews the real life applications of current, and in some instances developing, deep-sea sampling tools and techniques. In creating this book the authors have been able to draw upon the experiences of those at the coal face of deep-sea sampling, expanding on the existing methodological texts whilst encompassing a level of technical detail often omitted from journal publications. Ultimately the book will promote international consistency in sampling approaches and data collection, advance the integration of information into global databases, and facilitate improved data analyses and consequently uptake of science results for the management and conservation of the deep-sea environment.The book will appeal to a range of readers, including students, early-career through to seasoned researchers, as well as environmental managers and policy makers wishing to understand how the deep-sea is sampled, the challenges associated with deep survey work, and the type of information that can be obtained.

Contributors viiPreface xChapter 1 Deep-Sea Benthic Habitats 1Paul Tyler, Maria Baker and Eva Ramirez-LlodraChapter 2 Deep-Sea Fauna 16Stefano Schiaparelli, Ashley Rowden and Malcolm R. ClarkChapter 3 Survey and Sampling Design 36Malcolm R. Clark, Thomas A. Schlacher, Gui Menezes, Tina Molodtsova and Ian J. DoonanChapter 4 Environmental Sampling 57Martin White, Christian Mohn and Kostas KiriakoulakisChapter 5 Benthic Habitat Mapping 80Geoffroy Lamarche, Alan Orpin, John Mitchell and Arne PallentinChapter 6 Deep-Sea Zooplankton Sampling 103Bernd ChristiansenChapter 7 Trawls 126Malcolm R. Clark, Neil W. Bagley and Brian HarleyChapter 8 Longlines 159Gui Menezes and Michael SiglerChapter 9 Epibenthic Sledges 184Stefanie Kaiser and Nils BrenkeChapter 10 Corers and Grabs 207Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy, Brian J. Bett, Peter Lamont, Ashley A. Rowden, Elanor M. Bell and Lenaick MenotChapter 11 Landers: Baited Cameras and Traps 228Alan J. JamiesonChapter 12 Towed Cameras 260David A. Bowden and Daniel O.B. JonesChapter 13 Submersibles and Remotely Operated Vehicles 285Christopher Kelley, Terrence Kerby, Pierre-Marie Sarradin, Jozee Sarrazin and Dhugal LindsayChapter 14 Seafloor Observatories 306Marjolaine Matabos, Mairi Best, Jérome Blandin, Maia Hoeberechts, S. Kim Juniper, Benoît Pirenne, Katleen Robert, Henry Ruhl, Jozée Sarrazin and Michael VardaroChapter 15 Sorting, Recording, Preservation and Storage of Biological Samples 338Stefano Schiaparelli, Kareen E. Schnabel, Bertrand Richer de Forges and Tin-Yam ChanChapter 16 Information Management Strategies for Deep-Sea Biology 368Karen Stocks, Nancy Jacobsen Stout and Timothy M. ShankChapter 17 Data Analysis Considerations 386Timothy D. O'Hara, Thomas A. Schlacher, Ashley A. Rowden and Derek P. TittensorChapter 18 Application of Biological Studies to Governance and Management of the Deep Sea 404Cindy Lee Van Dover, Sophie Arnaud-Haond, Malcolm R. Clark, Samantha Smith, Andrew Thaler and Sybille van den HoveChapter 19 The Future of Biological Sampling in the Deep Sea 431Mireille Consalvey, Malcolm R. Clark and Ashley A. RowdenGlossary 437Index 000