Professor Yang-Hann Kim and Jung-Woo Choi; both of the Center for Noise and Vibration Control (NOVIC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering, Korea.Professor Kim gained his B.S. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from Seoul National University, Korea, in 1977, and his Ph.D in Acoustics and Vibration in M.E. (O.E. Program), M.I.T., USA, in 1985. He has been working in the field of sound visualization and manipulation for more than 20 years, and has taught acoustics to undergraduate and graduate students. His research interests include Sound Visualization, Active Noise/Vibration Control, Sound Focusing, Structural Acoustics, and Duct Acoustics. He has written two books and contributed to numerous journals and conference papers. Professor Kim was awarded the Excellence Award in Teaching from Mechanical Engineering, KAIST (Dynamics, 2010).

Unique in addressing two different problems - sound visualization and manipulation - in a unified way

Advances in signal processing technology are enabling ever more accurate visualization of existing sound fields and precisely defined sound field production.

About the Author xi
 
Preface xiii
 
Acknowledgments xvii
 
Part I ESSENCE OF ACOUSTICS
 
1 Acoustic Wave Equation and Its Basic Physical Measures 3
 
1.1 Introduction 3
 
1.2 One-Dimensional Acoustic Wave Equation 3
 
1.2.1 Impedance 9
 
1.3 Three-Dimensional Wave Equation 10
 
1.4 Acoustic Intensity and Energy 11
 
1.4.1 Complex-Valued Pressure and Intensity 16
 
1.5 The Units of Sound 18
 
1.6 Analysis Methods of Linear Acoustic Wave Equation 27
 
1.6.1 Acoustic Wave Equation and Boundary Condition 28
 
1.6.2 Eigenfunctions and Modal Expansion Theory 31
 
1.6.3 Integral Approach Using Green's Function 35
 
1.7 Solutions of the Wave Equation 39
 
1.7.1 Plane Wave 40
 
1.7.2 Spherical Wave 41
 
1.8 Chapter Summary 46
 
References 46
 
2 Radiation, Scattering, and Diffraction 49
 
2.1 Introduction/Study Objectives 49
 
2.2 Radiation of a Breathing Sphere and a Trembling Sphere 50
 
2.3 Radiation from a Baffled Piston 58
 
2.4 Radiation from a Finite Vibrating Plate 65
 
2.5 Diffraction and Scattering 70
 
2.6 Chapter Summary 79
 
2.7 Essentials of Radiation, Scattering, and Diffraction 80
 
2.7.1 Radiated Sound Field from an Infinitely Baffled Circular Piston 80
 
2.7.2 Sound Field at an Arbitrary Position Radiated by an Infinitely Baffled Circular Piston 81
 
2.7.3 Understanding Radiation, Scattering, and Diffraction Using the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz Integral Equation 82
 
2.7.4 Scattered Sound Field Using the Rayleigh Integral Equation 96
 
References 97
 
Part II SOUND VISUALIZATION
 
3 Acoustic Holography 103
 
3.1 Introduction 103
 
3.2 The Methodology of Acoustic Source Identification 103
 
3.3 Acoustic Holography: Measurement, Prediction, and Analysis 106
 
3.3.1 Introduction and Problem Definitions 106
 
3.3.2 Prediction Process 107
 
3.3.3 Mathematical Derivations of Three Acoustic Holography Methods and Their Discrete Forms 113
 
3.3.4 Measurement 119
 
3.3.5 Analysis of Acoustic Holography 124
 
3.4 Summary 129
 
References 130
 
4 Beamforming 137
 
4.1 Introduction 137
 
4.2 Problem Statement 138
 
4.3 Model-Based Beamforming 140
 
4.3.1 Plane and Spherical Wave Beamforming 140
 
4.3.2 The Array Configuration 142
 
4.4 Signal-Based Beamforming 145
 
4.4.1 Construction of Correlation Matrix in Time Domain 146
 
4.4.2 Construction of Correlation Matrix in Frequency Domain 151
 
4.4.3 Correlation Matrix of Multiple Sound Sources 152
 
4.5 Correlation-Based Scan Vector Design 160
 
4.5.1 Minimum Variance Beamformer 160
 
4.5.2 Linear Prediction 164
 
4.6 Subspace-Based Approaches 170
 
4.6.1 Basic Principles 170
 
4.6.2 MUSIC Beamformer 173
 
4.6.3 ESPRIT 180
 
4.7 Wideband Processing Technique 182
 
4.7.1 Frequency-Domain Approach: Mapping to the Beam Space 182
 
4.7.2 Coherent Subspace Method (CSM) 184
 
4.7.3 Partial Field Decomposition in Beam Space 185
 
4.7.4 Time-Domain Technique 190
 
4.7.5 Moving-Source Localization 198
 
4.8 Post-Processing Techniques 204
 
4.8.1 Deconvolution and Beamforming 204
 
4.8.2 Nonnegativity Constraint 207
 
4.8.3 Nonnegative Least-Squares Algorithm 209
 
4.8.4 DAMAS 210
 
References 212
 
Part III SOUND MANIPULATION
 
5 Sound Focusing 219
 
5.1 Introducti

Unique in addressing two different problems - sound visualization and manipulation - in a unified way
 
Advances in signal processing technology are enabling ever more accurate visualization of existing sound fields and precisely defined sound field production. The idea of explaining both the problem of sound visualization and the problem of the manipulation of sound within one book supports this inter-related area of study. With rapid development of array technologies, it is possible to do much in terms of visualization and manipulation, among other technologies involved with the spatial distribution of sound. This book aims to explore various basic functions for the visualization and manipulation and demonstrate to the reader how these properties determine the quality of visualization and manipulation. The first half of the book introduces some basic and general concepts and theories and the second part of the book explains a number of techniques in sound visualization and manipulation. It offers a unified presentation to two very different topics - sound field visualization techniques based on microphone arrays, and techniques for generation of controlled sound fields using loudspeaker arrays. The authors emphasize the similarities between these two physical problems and between the mathematical methods used for solving them.
 
With extensive examples throughout the book, chapters include: Acoustic Wave Equation and its Basic Physical Measures, Acoustic Wave Equation and its Basic Physical Measures, Basic Theory of Sound Visualization, Acoustic Holography, Beamforming, Basic Theory of Sound Manipulation, Sound Focusing, and Sound Field Reproduction.
* The first book to combine both the visualization and manipulation of sound technologies in one comprehensive volume
* Presents the basic concepts using simple one dimensional cases and then extends the concept to three dimensional cases, enabling easier understanding of the fundamental concepts through the use of minimum mathematics
* Provides a solid understanding of associated physics as well as mathematical concepts for understanding the technologies, addressing diffraction problems in an integrated format by using Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation
* Uses extensive examples demonstrating the benefits and drawbacks of various applications, including beamforming and acoustic holography
 
A valuable resource for post/graduate students, acoustic engineers, audio and noise control system developers