Henning Reetz is Professor of Phonology and Phonetics in the Department of Empirical Linguistics at the Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany. He has published extensively on acoustic and auditory phonetics, and is actively pursuing research on Automatic Speech Recognition.
 
Allard Jongman is a Professor in the Linguistics Department at the University of Kansas, USA and Co-Director of the University of Kansas Phonetics and Psycholinguistics Laboratory (KUPPL). Dr Jongman has published extensively on acoustic and auditory phonetics in a variety of languages and he is a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America.

Preface to the First Edition xi
 
Preface to the Second Edition xiii
 
About the Companion Website xiv
 
1 About this Book 1
 
1.1 Phonetics in a nutshell 2
 
1.2 The structure of this book 6
 
1.3 Terminology 8
 
1.4 Demonstrations and exercises 8
 
2 Articulatory Phonetics 9
 
Articulation in a nutshell 9
 
2.1 Phonation at the larynx 10
 
2.2 Basic articulatory terms 11
 
2.3 The articulation of consonants 14
 
2.3.1 Place of articulation 15
 
2.3.2 Manner of articulation 15
 
2.3.3 Other classification schemes 18
 
2.4 The articulation of vowels 20
 
3 Phonetic Transcription 24
 
Transcription in a nutshell 24
 
3.1 Types of transcription 25
 
3.2 Consonants 28
 
3.2.1 Plosives 29
 
3.2.2 Nasals 30
 
3.2.3 Fricatives 30
 
3.2.4 Affricates 31
 
3.2.5 Approximants 32
 
3.3 Vowels 33
 
3.4 Diacritics and other symbols 38
 
3.5 Transcription of General American English 39
 
3.5.1 Consonants 40
 
3.5.1.1 Aspiration, voicing, and devoicing 40
 
3.5.1.2 Coarticulation 41
 
3.5.1.3 Consonantal release 42
 
3.5.1.4 Flaps and taps 43
 
3.5.1.5 Glottal plosives 43
 
3.5.1.6 Velarization 44
 
3.5.1.7 Syllabic consonants 45
 
3.5.1.8 Intrusion 45
 
3.5.1.9 Duration 46
 
3.5.2 Vowels 48
 
3.5.2.1 Duration 48
 
3.5.2.2 Effects of following consonants 49
 
4 Place and Manner of Articulation of Consonants and Vowels 52
 
4.1 Consonants 53
 
4.1.1 Labials 55
 
4.1.2 Coronals 56
 
4.1.3 Dorsals 57
 
4.1.4 Gutturals 59
 
4.2 Additional manners of articulation 59
 
4.3 Vowels 60
 
4.4 Secondary articulations 63
 
5 Physiology of the Vocal Apparatus 66
 
Physiology in a nutshell 66
 
5.1 The subglottal system: lungs, bronchi, and trachea 69
 
5.1.1 Anatomy of the subglottal system 69
 
5.1.2 Movements of the lungs 71
 
5.1.2.1 Breathing in (inspiration, inhalation) 71
 
5.1.2.2 Breathing out (expiration, exhalation) 72
 
5.1.3 The volumes of the lungs and their control over time 72
 
5.1.4 Loudness and the air pressure in the lungs 74
 
5.2 Structure and function of the larynx 74
 
5.2.1 Anatomy of the larynx 75
 
5.2.2 Vocal fold vibration 78
 
5.2.2.1 The Bernoulli effect and the aerodynamic theory 78
 
5.2.2.2 The myoelastic theory of vocal fold vibration 81
 
5.2.2.3 Two-mass theory of vocal fold vibration 83
 
5.2.2.4 Muco-viscose, cover body, and flow-separation theory 84
 
5.2.2.5 One cycle of vocal fold vibration 85
 
5.2.3 Loudness and larynx signal 86
 
5.2.4 Register 88
 
5.3 Vocal tract 89
 
5.3.1 Pharynx 89
 
5.3.2 Nasal tract and velum 90
 
5.3.3 Oral tract 92
 
6 Airstream Mechanisms and Phonation Types 95
 
Airstream mechanisms and phonation in a nutshell 95
 
6.1 Airstream mechanisms 96
 
6.1.1 Glottalic airstream mechanisms 96
 
6.1.2 Velaric airstream mechanism 100
 
6.2 Phonation types 102
 
6.3 Voicing, voicelessness, and aspiration in plosives 103
 
6.4 Common and rare sounds 110
 
7 Basic Acoustics 113
 
Basic acoustics in a nutshell 113
 
7.1 Sound waves 115
 
7.1.1 Sound waves are variations in air pressure 115
 
7.1.2 Origin and propagation of sound waves 115
 
7.1.3 The speed of

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An accessible yet in-depth introductory textbook on the basic concepts of phonetics, fully updated and revised
 
This broad, interdisciplinary textbook investigates how speech can be written down, how speech is produced, its acoustic characteristics, and how listeners perceive speech. Phonetics: Transcription, Production, Acoustics, and Perception introduces readers to the fundamental concepts of the discipline, providing coverage of all four areas of phonetics. This comprehensive textbook also familiarizes readers with concepts from other disciplines related to phonetics--such as physiology, anatomy, and psychology--through relatable, real-life examples.
 
Now in its second edition, the text has been substantially revised to improve clarity and currency, based on student feedback received by the authors over the past decade. Brief "Nutshell" introductions have been added to all chapters to provide a clear overview of key points within the body of the text. Expanded content to this new edition examines voice quality, the acoustic correlates of different phonation types, intonation, and different theories of speech perception. Written in a clear and concise style by two of the field's leading scholars, this textbook:
* Covers related relevant areas, including vocal fold vibration and the physiology of the ear
* Offers examples from other languages to highlight aspects of phonetics not found in English
* Includes chapter-by-chapter exercises, engaging illustrations, and a detailed glossary
* Features a companion website containing additional resources such as figures and sound files
 
Phonetics: Transcription, Production, Acoustics, and Perception, 2nd Edition is an ideal text for both introductory and advanced courses in phonetics and speech science, general linguistics, related disciplines such as psychology, speech pathology, and audiology, and for anyone interested to learn about how we speak and hear.