An enlightening introduction to the study of logic: its history, philosophical foundations, and formal structures Logic: Inquiry, Argument, and Order is the first book of its kind to frame the study of introductory logic in terms of problems connected to wider issues of knowledge and judgment that arise in the context of racial, cultural, and religious diversity. With its accessible style and integration of philosophical inquiry and real-life concerns, this book offers a novel approach to the theory of logic and its relevance to questions of meaning and value that arise in the world around us. The book poses four problems for logic: Is logic separate from experience? Does logic require dualisms? Can logic reconcile opposed ways of understanding the world? And when things are divided, does the boundary have a logic? The author begins the exploration of these questions with a discussion of the process of analyzing and constructing arguments. Using the logical theories of C. S. Peirce, John Dewey, and Josiah Royce to frame the investigation, subsequent chapters outline the process of inquiry, the concept of communicative action, the nature of validity, categorical reasoning through the theory of the syllogism, and inductive reasoning and probability. The book concludes with a presentation of modal logic, propositional logic, and quantification. Logic is presented as emerging from the activities of inquiry and communication, allowing readers to understand even the most difficult aspects of formal logic as straightforward developments of the process of anticipating and taking action. Numerous practice problems use arguments related to issues of diversity and social theory, and the book introduces methods of proving validity that include Venn diagrams, natural deduction, and the method of tableaux. Logic: Inquiry, Argument, and Order is an ideal book for courses on philosophical methods and critical reasoning at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also an insightful reference for anyone who would like to explore a cross-cultural approach to the topic of logic.

An enlightening introduction to the study of logic: its history,philosophical foundations, and formal structuresLogic: Inquiry, Argument, and Order is the first book ofits kind to frame the study of introductory logic in terms ofproblems connected to wider issues of knowledge and judgment thatarise in the context of racial, cultural, and religious diversity.With its accessible style and integration of philosophical inquiryand real-life concerns, this book offers a novel approach to thetheory of logic and its relevance to questions of meaning and valuethat arise in the world around us.The book poses four problems for logic: Is logic separate fromexperience? Does logic require dualisms? Can logic reconcileopposed ways of understanding the world? And when things aredivided, does the boundary have a logic? The author begins theexploration of these questions with a discussion of the process ofanalyzing and constructing arguments. Using the logical theories ofC. S. Peirce, John Dewey, and Josiah Royce to frame theinvestigation, subsequent chapters outline the process of inquiry,the concept of communicative action, the nature of validity,categorical reasoning through the theory of the syllogism, andinductive reasoning and probability. The book concludes with apresentation of modal logic, propositional logic, andquantification.Logic is presented as emerging from the activities of inquiryand communication, allowing readers to understand even the mostdifficult aspects of formal logic as straightforward developmentsof the process of anticipating and taking action. Numerous practiceproblems use arguments related to issues of diversity and socialtheory, and the book introduces methods of proving validity thatinclude Venn diagrams, natural deduction, and the method oftableaux.Logic: Inquiry, Argument, and Order is an ideal book forcourses on philosophical methods and critical reasoning at theupper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also an insightfulreference for anyone who would like to explore a cross-culturalapproach to the topic of logic.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ixCHAPTER ONE: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LOGIC 11.1 The Problem of Abstraction 21.2 The Problem of Dualism 51.3 The Problem of Incommensurability 81.4 The Problem of Boundaries 111.5 Examples for Discussion 151.6 Premises and Conclusions 191.7 Exercises 23CHAPTER TWO: WHAT IS LOGIC? 312.1 The Study of Logic 312.2 The Concepts of Truth and Inference 352.3 The Process of Inquiry 402.4 Exercises 482.5 Argument as Inquiry 522.6 Exercises 57CHAPTER THREE: COMMUNICATIVE ACTION 613.1 Strategic and Communicative Action 613.2 Exercises 643.3 Lifeworlds 683.4 Exercises 713.5 Validity 723.6 Fallacies 753.7 Exercises 85CHAPTER FOUR: THEORY OF THE SYLLOGISM 914.1 Nominalism, Realism, and Abduction 914.2 The Theory of the Syllogism 974.3 Standard Form Propositions 984.4 Exercises 1054.5 Direct Inference 1064.6 Exercises 1114.7 The Validity of Syllogisms 1124.8 Exercises 120CHAPTER FIVE: INDUCTION AND THE LIMITS OF REASON 1235.1 Limits of the Syllogism 1235.2 The Principles of Induction 1295.3 Analogical Arguments 1395.4 Exercises 1435.5 Causal Arguments 1455.6 Exercises 1485.7 Probability 1515.8 Exercises 160CHAPTER SIX: PRINCIPLES OF ORDER AND DEDUCTION 1656.1 Introduction 1656.2 Modes of Action 1676.3 Principles of Order 1716.4 Logic and the Act of Judgment 1746.5 Deduction: The Logic of Assertions 1786.6 Graphical Proofs of Validity 1906.7 Exercises 194CHAPTER SEVEN: AN OVERVIEW OF QUANTIFIED LOGIC 1977.1 Introduction 1977.2 Representing Relations 2027.3 The Meaning of Quantifi ers 2057.4 Exercises 2077.5 Rules of Quantifi cational Logic 2087.6 Exercises 2107.7 The Validity of Syllogisms 2117.8 Graphical Proofs of Validity 2147.9 Exercises 2177.10 Border Agents and the Problems of Logic 218SOLUTIONS 223BIBLIOGRAPHY 249INDEX 255