Preface
Part I. Understanding Juvenile Justice Process and Systems
Chapter 1. Juvenile Justice: An Introduction
Chapter Introduction
Chapter Perspective. Teen Violence in Schools
Conceptual Introduction: Finding Justice for Juveniles
Systemic Introduction: The Juvenile Justice System in Brief
Procedural Introduction: Dispensing Juvenile Justice
Policy Introduction: Challenges for Juvenile Justice
Chapter Summary
Discussion Box: Curfews as a Juvenile Crime-Fighting Strategy
Questions for Review
Key Terms and Concepts
Recommended Web Sites
Web Exercise
Recommended Readings
Chapter 2. Historical Perspectives
Chapter Introduction
Chapter Perspective. Historical Perspectives of the Juvenile Court
Historical Periods
Chapter Summary
Discussion Box: Idealism and the Child Savers Movement
Questions for Review
Key Terms and Concepts
Recommended Web Sites
Web Exercise
Recommended Readings
Chapter 3. Juvenile Delinquency: Theories of Causation
Chapter Introduction
Chapter Perspective. Teenage Drug Use and Delinquency
Foreword to Theories of Juvenile Deviance
Superstition and Myth: Early Theories of Delinquency and Crime
Choice and Responsibility: Theories of the Classical School
Physical Qualities and Causation: Biological Theories
The Mind and Causation: Psychological Theories
Society and Causation: Sociological Theories
The Impact of Injustice: Critical Theory
Chapter Summary
Discussion Box: Pop Culture and Delinquency
Questions for Review
Key Terms and Concepts
Recommended Web Sites
Web Exercise
Recommended Readings
Chapter 4. The Delinquency Picture: Measuring Juvenile Deviance
Foreword: Statistics and Perceptions
Chapter Perspective. Researching Juvenile Delinquency
Tools of the Trade: Estimating and Reporting Delinquency and Crime
Applying the Data: Patterns of Delinquency and Crime
Postscript: Juvenile Victimization
Chapter Summary
Discussion Box: Girls, Delinquency, and Victimization
Questions for Review
Key Terms and Concepts
Recommended Web Sites
Web Exercise
Recommended Readings
Chapter 5. Children in Trouble and Children in Need
Chapter Introduction
Chapter Perspective. Sexual Exploitation of Children
Modern Problems: Young People and Risk Factors
Youths in Conflict with Authority: Children in Trouble
Youths Requiring Intervention: Children in Need
Rescuing Youths: Helping Children in Trouble and Children in Need
Chapter Summary
Juvenile Justice Professions: Family Crimes Officer
Discussion Box: A National Problem: Children on the Street
Questions for Review
Key Terms and Concepts
Recommended Web Sites
Web Exercise
Recommended Readings
Part II. Process and Systems: Official Components
Chapter 6. The Role of the Police
Chapter Introduction
Chapter Perspective. Police Special Gang Units
Background: Historical Perspectives on Policing
First Contact with Juveniles: Police Dispositions
Decision-Making: Police Discretion and Procedural Formality
Issues Arising from Police Contacts with Juveniles
Accessing the Community: Police Relationship-Building Strategies
Chapter Summary
Juvenile Justice Professions: Community Oriented Policing Officer
Discussion Box: Police-Juvenile Relations
Questions for Review
Key Terms and Concepts
Recommended Web Sites
Web Exercise
Recommended Readings
Chapter 7. The Role of the Court
Chapter Introduction
Chapter Perspective. Teenagers on Death Row
Background: The Role of the Juvenile Court
Implementing Court Authority: Juvenile Court Participants
Moving Through the System: Juvenile Court Process
Punishing Criminal Behavior: Juveniles in Adult Court
Chapter Summary
Juvenile Justice Professions: Juvenile Justice Attorneys
Discussion Box: Who is Responsible? Parents of Juvenile Offenders
Questions for Review
Key Terms and Concepts
Recommended Web Sites
Web Exercise
Recommended Readings
Chapter 8. Institutional Corrections for Juveniles
Chapter Introduction
Chapter Perspective. The World Within: Subcultures in Juvenile Correctional Institutions
Historical Perspectives on Juvenile Corrections
Understanding the System: Goals of Juvenile Corrections
Innovation and Ingenuity: Nominal and Intermediate Sanctions
Detention and Correction: Confinement Options
Examining Confinement: Controversies and Protections
Juvenile Justice Professions: Youth Correctional Camp Administrator
Chapter Summary
Discussion Box: Treating Juvenile Delinquents as Adult Criminals
Questions for Review
Key Terms and Concepts
Recommended Web Sites
Web Exercise
Recommended Readings
Part III. Process and Systems: Community-Based Components
Chapter 9. Juvenile Probation, Parole, and Aftercare
Chapter Introduction
Chapter Perspective. Terms and Conditions for Juvenile Probation, Parole, and Aftercare
Background: The Development of Probation, Parole, and Aftercare
Non-Institutional Corrections: Juvenile Probation
Post-Institutional Corrections: Juvenile Parole and Aftercare
Contending Questions: Ongoing Issues and Special Needs
Chapter Summary
Juvenile Justice Professions: Probation Education Services Specialist
Discussion Box. The Utility of Net-Widening
Questions for Review
Key Terms and Concepts
Recommended Web Sites
Web Exercise
Recommended Readings
Chapter 10. Community-Based Juvenile Programs
Chapter Introduction
Chapter Perspective. The Broken Windows Theory
Origins: Background to Community-Based Juvenile Programs
Juvenile Diversion: A Non-Institutional Alternative
Widening the Net: Partner Institutions and Placement Alternatives
Anticipating and Managing Juvenile Problems: Prevention and Treatment Models
Chapter Summary
Discussion Box: "It Takes a Village to Raise a Single Child"
Questions for Review
Key Terms and Concepts
Recommended Web Sites
Web Exercise
Recommended Readings
Part IV. Final Perspectives and Projections
Chapter 11. Anti-Social Youth Cultures and the Case of Youth Gangs
Chapter Introduction
Chapter Perspective. The Influence of Adult Hate Groups on Youth Culture: The Case of the Skinheads
Background: Causes of Anti-Social Behavior Among Juveniles
History and Implications: An Overview of Youth Gangs
Gang Characteristics: Demographics and Behavior
A Policy Dilemma: Responding to the Gang Problem
Chapter Summary
Discussion Box: Drug Gangs
Questions for Review
Key Terms and Concepts
Recommended Web Sites
Web Exercise
Recommended Readings
Chapter 12. Global Perspectives: Juvenile Justice in an International Context
Chapter Introduction
Chapter Perspective. Sweden's Pro-Child Approach
Global Perspectives: Juvenile Justice Process in Developed Nations
Global Perspectives: Juvenile Justice Process in Developing Nations
Children's Rights: A Global Approach to Juvenile Justice
Chapter Summary
Discussion Box: Juvenile Justice: The Cultural Dimension
Questions for Review
Key Terms and Concepts
Recommended Web Sites
Web Exercise
Recommended Readings
Chapter 13. What is to be Done? Projections and Conclusion
Chapter Introduction
Chapter Perspective. American Gangs in the 21st Century
What Next? Likely Challenges for the Juvenile Justice System
Professionals, Process, and Policy: Configuring the Juvenile Justice System
A Final Thought: Managing the Problem
Chapter Summary
Discussion Box: Law Enforcement and Juvenile Justice in the United States
Questions for Review
Recommended Readings
Glossary
Subject/Name Index
Appendices