Waqar Ahmed is Director of the Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Innovation at the School of Computing, Technology and Applied Sciences of the University of Central Lancashire, UK. He obtained his PhD in Chemistry from the University of Salford/Strathclyde and holds a certificate in business administration from the University of Warwick. Before pursuing his academic career he worked as an engineer and operations manager in various British companies. Waqar Ahmed acts as editor-in-chief for four international journals devoted to nanomanufacturing and biomaterials and as vice-president of the Society of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology.

New nanomaterials are leading to a range of emerging dental treatments that utilize more biomimetic materials that more closely duplicate natural tooth structure (or bone, in the case of implants). The use of nanostructures that will work in harmony with the body's own regenerative processes (eg, to restore tooth structure or alveolar bone) are moving into clinical practice. This book brings together an international team of experts from the fields of nanomaterials, biomedical engineering and dentistry, to cover the new materials and techniques with potential for use intra-orally or extra-orally for the restoration, fixation, replacement, or regeneration of hard and soft tissues in and about the oral cavity and craniofacial region. New dental nanotechnologies include the use of advanced inorganic and organic materials, smart and biomimetic materials, tissue engineering and drug delivery strategies. Book prepared by an interdisciplinary and international group of bio-nanomaterial scientists and dental/oral biomedical researchers Comprehensive professional reference for the subject covering materials fabrication and use of materials for all major diagnostic and therapeutic dental applications - repair,restoration, regeneration, implants and prevention Book focuses in depth on the materials manufacturing processes involved with emphasis on pre-clinical and clinical applications, use and biocompatibility

New nanomaterials are leading to a range of emerging dental treatments that utilize more biomimetic materials that more closely duplicate natural tooth structure (or bone, in the case of implants). The use of nanostructures that will work in harmony with the body's own regenerative processes (eg, to restore tooth structure or alveolar bone) are moving into clinical practice. This book brings together an international team of experts from the fields of nanomaterials, biomedical engineering and dentistry, to cover the new materials and techniques with potential for use intra-orally or extra-orally for the restoration, fixation, replacement, or regeneration of hard and soft tissues in and about the oral cavity and craniofacial region. New dental nanotechnologies include the use of advanced inorganic and organic materials, smart and biomimetic materials, tissue engineering and drug delivery strategies. Book prepared by an interdisciplinary and international group of bio-nanomaterial scientists and dental/oral biomedical researchers Comprehensive professional reference for the subject covering materials fabrication and use of materials for all major diagnostic and therapeutic dental applications - repair,restoration, regeneration, implants and prevention Book focuses in depth on the materials manufacturing processes involved with emphasis on pre-clinical and clinical applications, use and biocompatibility

1;Front Cover;12;Emerging Nanotechnologies in Dentistry;43;Copyright Page;54;Contents;65;Foreword;166;Acknowledgments;187;Dedication;208;List of Contributors;229;1 Nanotechnology and the Future of Dentistry;269.1;1.1 Introduction;269.2;1.2 Nanotechnology Approaches;279.3;1.3 Nanotechnology to Nanomanufacturing;289.3.1;1.3.1 Top-Down Approach;299.3.2;1.3.2 Bottom-Up Approach;319.4;1.4 Nanodentistry;359.5;1.5 Future Directions and Conclusions;399.6;References;3910;2 Nanoparticles for Dental Materials: Synthesis, Analysis, and Applications;4010.1;2.1 Introduction: Why Use Nanoparticles?;4110.2;2.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles;4110.2.1;2.2.1 Synthesis by Mechanical Attrition;4210.2.2;2.2.2 Synthesis Through Sol-Gel Process;4210.2.2.1;2.2.2.1 Functionalization of Oxide Nanoparticles;4410.2.3;2.2.3 Synthesis of Silsesquioxane Nanoparticles;4410.2.4;2.2.4 Synthesis of Polymer-Templated Nanoparticles;4510.3;2.3 Examples of Dental Materials Using Nanoparticles;4510.3.1;2.3.1 Nanocomposites Containing Oxide Nanoparticles;4510.3.1.1;2.3.1.1 Nanofill Composites;4610.3.1.2;2.3.1.2 Nanohybrid Composites;4710.3.2;2.3.2 Silsesquioxane-Based Composites;4810.3.3;2.3.3 Calcium Phosphate and Calcium Fluoride Nanoparticles-Based Composites;5010.3.4;2.3.4 Nanoparticles in Glass Ionomer Systems;5010.3.5;2.3.5 Nanotechnology in Dental Adhesives;5110.4;2.4 Selected Properties of Dental Materials Containing Nanoparticles;5110.4.1;2.4.1 Optical Properties;5110.4.2;2.4.2 Wear Properties;5210.4.3;2.4.3 Mechanical Properties;5310.5;2.5 Clinical Experience with Dental Materials Containing Nanoparticles;5410.6;2.6 Conclusions;5510.7;References;5511;3 Antimicrobial Nanoparticles in Restorative Composites;6011.1;3.1 Introduction;6011.2;3.2 Antibacterial Restorative Composites;6111.2.1;3.2.1 Filler Phase Modification;6111.2.1.1;3.2.1.1 Released Antibacterial Agents;6111.2.1.2;3.2.1.2 Nonreleased Antibacterial Agents;6211.2.2;3.2.2 Matrix Phase Modification;6211.2.2.1;3.2.2.1 Released Antibacterial Agents;6211.2.2.2;3.2.2.2 Nonreleased Antibacterial Agents;6311.3;3.3 Antimicrobial Macromolecules;6311.3.1;3.3.1 Polycationic Disinfectants;6311.3.2;3.3.2 Polyethyleneimine;6411.4;3.4 Nanoparticles;6511.4.1;3.4.1 Polyethyleneimine Nanoparticles;6511.4.1.1;3.4.1.1 Synthesis;6511.4.1.2;3.4.1.2 Characterization;6611.4.1.3;3.4.1.3 Incorporation of PEI Nanoparticles;6811.5;3.5 Conclusions;6911.6;References;6912;4 Nanotechnology in Operative Dentistry: A Perspective Approach of History, Mechanical Behavior, and Clinical Application;7412.1;4.1 Introduction;7512.2;4.2 Historical Review: Nanotechnology Applications in Operative Dentistry;7512.3;4.3 Biomimetics;7512.4;4.4 Fillers in Composite Resins;7712.5;4.5 SEM and EDS Evaluation;7812.6;4.6 Filler Weight Content (wt%);7912.7;4.7 Water Sorption;7912.8;4.8 Mechanical Behavior;8112.8.1;4.8.1 Compressive Strength;8212.8.2;4.8.2 Diametral Tensile Strength;8312.8.3;4.8.3 Flexural Strength and Flexural Modulus;8412.8.4;4.8.4 Microhardness;8512.8.5;4.8.5 Nanohardness;8712.8.6;4.8.6 Wear Resistance;8712.9;4.9 Clinical Applications;9112.10;4.10 Conclusions;9312.11;Acknowledgments;9312.12;References;9313;5 Impact of Nanotechnology on Dental Implants;9613.1;5.1 Introduction;9613.2;5.2 Nanoscale Surface Modifications;9913.3;5.3 Interactions of Surface Dental Implants with Blood;10013.4;5.4 Interactions Between Surfaces and MSCs;10113.4.1;5.4.1 Origin of MSCs;10113.4.2;5.4.2 Migration, Adhesion, and Proliferation;10213.4.3;5.4.3 Differentiation;10313.5;5.5 Tissue Integration;10313.6;5.6 Conclusion;10513.7;Acknowledgments;10513.8;References;10514;6 Titanium Surface Modification Techniques for Dental Implants-From Microscale to Nanoscale;11014.1;6.1 Introduction;11014.2;6.2 Titanium Surface Modification Methods;11114.2.1;6.2.1 Morphological Modification of Titanium Surface;11214.2.2;6.2.2 Physicochemical Modification of Titanium Surface;11214.2.3;6