Recently, there has been an increased interest in research on personality, temperament, and behavioral syndromes (henceforth to be referred to as personality) in nonhuman primates and other animals. This follows, in part, from a general interest in the subject matter and the realization that individual differences, once consigned to ‘error’ terms in statistical analyses, are potentially important predictors, moderators, and mediators of a wide variety of outcomes ranging from the results of experiments to health to enrichment programs. Unfortunately, while there is a burgeoning interest in the subject matter, findings have been reported in a diverse number of journals and most of the methodological and statistical approaches were developed in research on human personality.

The proposed volume seeks to gather submissions from a variety of specialists in research on individual differences in primate temperament, personality, or behavioral syndromes. We anticipate that chapters will cover several areas. The first part of this edited volume will focus on methodological considerations including the advantages and disadvantages of different means of assessing these constructs in primates and introduce some statistical approaches that have typically been the domain of human personality research. Another part of this edited volume will focus on present findings including the physiological and genetic bases of personality dimensions in primates; the relationship between personality and age; how personality may moderate or impact various outcomes including behavior, health, and well-being in captive and non-captive environments. For the third part of the volume we hope to obtain summaries of the existing work of the authors on the evolutionary important of personality dimensions and guideposts for future directions in this new and exciting area of research.

Beginnings of Personality Measurement in Non Human Primates.- Chapter 1. Individual Characteristics – Weaving Psychological and Ethological Approaches Joan Stevenson-Hinde and Camilla A. Hinde.- Some Basic Issues in Personality Measurement in Non Human Primates.- Chapter 2.    Comparison of Methods for Assessing Personality in Non-Human Primates Hanni Freeman, Samuel d. Gosling, and Steven J. Shapiro.- Chapter 3.  Personality in Nonhuman Primates: What We Can Learn from Personality Psychology Jana Uher.- Chapter 4. Personality from the Perspective of a Primatologist James E. King and Alexander Weiss.- Empirical Studies.- Chapter 5.  Objective Behavioral Tests of Temperament in Nonhuman Primates Lynn A. Fairbanks and Matthew J. Jorgensen.- Chapter 6.  Predicting  Primate Behavior from Personality Ratings Lindsay Murray.- Chapter 7. Primate  Personality and Behavioral Endocrimology Stephanie F. Anestis.- Chapter 8.  Chimpanzee Faces under the Magnifying Glass:  Emerging Methods Reveal Cross-     Species Similarities and Individuality.- Kim A. Bard, Augusta D. Gaspar, and Sarah-Jane Vick.- Chapter 9.  Nonhuman Primate Personality and Immunity:  Mechanisms of Health and Disease John P. Capitanio.- Chapter 10.  Impulsivity and Aggression as Personality Traits in Nonhuman Primates J. Dee Higley, Stephan J. Suomi, and Andrew C. Chaffin.- Chapter 11.  Reactivity and BehavioralInhibition as Personality Traits in Nonhuman Primates Stephan J. Suomi, Andrew C. Chaffin, and J. Dee Higley.- Chapter 12.  Behavioral Syndromes: A behavioral Ecologist’s view on the Evolutionary and Ecological Implications of Animal Personality Andrew Sih