Different research methods can yield unique insights into literacy learning and teaching--and, used synergistically, can work together to move the field forward. Now revised and updated with 50% new material, this definitive text presents widely used methods and provides students and researchers with a clear understanding of when, how, and why they are applied. Leading authorities describe established and emerging methodologies, review the types of questions they are suited to address, and identify standards for quality. Key issues in research design are accessibly discussed. Each chapter offers one or more exemplars of high-quality published studies to illustrate the approach in action. The benefits of using multiple types of methods to more fully investigate a given question or problem are emphasized throughout.

New to This Edition
*Chapter on a vital new topic: critical race methodologies.
*New chapters on core topics: design-based research, causal effects, ethnographic case studies, correlational designs, discourse analysis, instrument development, and verbal protocols.
*Up-to-date coverage of online research methods, neuroimaging, and other rapidly evolving methodologies.
*Many of the exemplary studies are new.

Foreword, Seth A. Parsons
1. Introduction, Marla H. Mallette & Nell K. Duke
2. Turtles, Tortoises, Ethnographies, and Case Study: Nuances of Difference and Design, Catherine Compton-Lilly
3. Content Analysis: The Past, Present, and Future, Samuel DeJulio, James V. Hoffman, Misty Sailors, Ramón A. Martínez, & Melissa B. Wilson
4. Correlational Designs and Analyses, Michael J. Kieffer
5. Critical Race Methodologies, Alice Y. Lee & Amos J. Lee
6. Research Methods Unique to Digital Contexts: An Introduction to Virtual Ethnography, Christine Greenhow, Sarah Galvin, & K. Bret Staudt Willet
7. Approaches to Discourse Analysis in Language and Literacy Research, Amy Vetter & Melissa Schieble
8. Design-Based Research in Literacy, Gay Ivey
9. Causal Effects: Randomized Trials and Regression Discontinuity, Christina Weiland, Anne Shapiro, & Julia Lindsey
10. Doing Historical Research in Literacy, Norman A. Stahl & Douglas K. Hartman
11. Instrument Development, Sharon Walpole, John Z. Strong, & Meaghan N. Vitale
12. Meta-Analysis, Adriana G. Bus, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, & Suzanne E. Mol
13. Mixed Research Approaches in Literacy Research, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie & Marla H. Mallette
14. Narrative Approaches: Exploring the Phenomenon and/or Method, M. Kristiina Montero & Rachelle D. Washington
15. Neuroimaging, Jessica A. Church & Jack M. Fletcher
16. Single-Subject Experimental Design, Susan B. Neuman
17. Understanding Literacy Trends Through Survey Research, Gwynne Ellen Ash, James F. Baumann, & James J. Bason
18. Verbal Protocol Analysis in Literacy, Byeong-Young Cho
19. Considerations of Methodology and Epistemology in Designing Literacy Studies, Sarah J. McCarthey
20. Conclusion, Marla H. Mallette & Nell K. Duke
Appendix. Alphabetical Listing of the Exemplars