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and Comments.- I. Myelination.- Biochemistry.- Biosynthesis of Myelin and Neurotoxic Factors in the Serum of Multiple Sclerosis Patients.- Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Human Cerebral Myelin during Development.- Enzymic Studies on Glial and Neuronal Cells During Myelination.- Regional Developmental and Fractional Studies on Myelin and Other Carbonic Anhydrases in Rat CNS.- Studies of Isolated, Maintained Oligodendroglia: Biochemistry, Metabolism, and In Vitro Myelin Synthesis.- Studies of Myelin Proteins in Human Peripheral Nerve.- Protein Heterogeneity in Rat CNS Myelin Subfractions.- The Preparation and Analysis of Myelin from Small Quantities of Central Nervous Tissue: Regional Studies of the Quaking Mouse.- Studies on the Action of Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) in Rat Brain.- In Vivo Incorporation of 32P into Myelin Basic Protein from Normal and Quaking Mice.- Abnormal Myelin Maturation In Vitro: The Role of Cerebrosides.- Retardation of Brain Myelination by Malnourishment and Feeding Low Protein Irradiated Diet in Rats.- Molecular Organization.- The Molecular Architecture of Myelin: Identification of the External Surface Membrane Components.- Conformation of Myelin Basic Protein and Its Role in Myelin Formation.- Cross-Linking of Lipid Bilayers by Central Nervous System Myelin Basic Protein: Aggregation of Free and Vesicle-Bound Protein.- Molecular Organisation in Central Nerve Myelin.- Covalent Probe Investigations with Isolated Central Nerve Myelin Preparations.- On the Accessibility and Localisation of Cerebrosides in Central Nervous System Myelin.- II. Demyelination.- Experimental Demyelination.- Autoimmunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Do We Have an Experimental Model?.- Molecular Bases for the Difference in the Potency of Myelin Basic Protein from Different Species in Lewis Rats.- Comparison of the Rat and Mouse Encephalitogenic Determinants.- The Action of Trypsin on Central and Peripheral Nerve Myelin.- Clearance of Myelin Basic Protein from Blood of Normal and EAE Rabbits.- Basic Protein Hydrolysis in Lymphocytes of Lewis Rats with Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis.- Neutral Proteinases Secreted by Macrophages Degrade Basic Protein: A Possible Mechanism of Inflammatory Demyelination.- Virus Infection in Demyelinating Diseases.- Early and Late CNS-Effects of Corona Virus Infection in Rats.- A Search for the "Multiple Sclerosis Virus" - Lack of Effect of Brain Extracts on Myelin Development in Chickens, Mice, and Rats.- Plasmalogenase Is Elevated in Early Demyelinating Lesions.- Effect of Diphtheritic Demyelination on Axonal Transport in the Sciatic Nerve and Subsequent Muscle Changes in the Chicken.- Myelin Deficiency in Experimental Phenylketonuria: Contribution of the Aromatic Acid Metabolites of Phenylalanine.- Peripheral Nerves as Target Tissue of the Immune Response in EAN. A Neurochemical and Morphological Study.- Biochemical Studies of CNS and PNS in Human and Experimental Diabetes.- The Effect of Intoxication with Alkylnitrosourea Derivatives on Cerebral Myelin.- Clinical Demyelination.- Cellular and Humoral Responses to Myelin Basic Protein in Multiple Sclerosis: A Dichotomy.- Cerebrospinal Fluid Myelin Basic Protein and Multiple Sclerosis.- Proteolytic Activity in CSF.- The Immune Response in Human Demyelinating Diseases.- Isoelectric Focusing and Isotachophoresis for Investigation of CSF and Serum Proteins in Demyelinating and Infectious Neurological Diseases.- Proliferating Cells in Demyelinating States.- Topographic Analysis of MS and Control Brains.- Biochemical Study on Myelin inAdrenoleukodystrophy.- Metabolic Studies of Adrenoleukodystrophy.- The Possible Viral Etiology of Multiple Sclerosis.- Virological Aspects of Multiple Sclerosis.- The Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Dergyelinative Disorder.- Jejunal Viral Antigen in Multiple Sclerosis and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.- Aspects of the Viral Antibody Response in Multiple Sclerosis.- Autoimmunity to Receptors as a Possible Cause of Multiple Sclerosis.- Immunoglobulins in Multiple Sclerosis.- Summary of the General Discussion on the Possible Viral Etiology of Multiple Sclerosis.

A satellite symposium entitled "Myelination and Demyelination: Recent Chemical Advances" was held in Helsinki from August 29 to 31, 1977, after the Sixth International Meeting of the International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) in Copenhagen. Myelin is a nervous tissue structure that is most suitable as a subject of biochemical investigation. It is easy to isolate in a highly purified form, is rather stable even after death, and is af fected by a variety of neurological and other diseases. Its lesions are particularly important in the study of multiple sclerosis, a disease which is relatively prevalent in Finland and has therefore been of interest to a great many Finnish scientists. The first half of this book is concerned with the biochemical composition and molecular organization of myelin, the second half with the experimental and clinical aspects of demyelination. The comments given after each of the presentations at the symposium were not recorded as such, but each author was requested to modify his or her paper accordingly. The editing and publication of this book would not have been possible without the excellent efforts and co-operation of my wife, Mrs. L.-M. Palo, acting as general secretary and later as editorial secretary of the symposium. As Organizing Committee Chairman, I would also like to thank the members of the Committee: Dr. M. Haltia, Dr. E. Kivalo, Dr. T. Kosunen, Dr. M. Panelius, and especially Dr.