Joe Markgraf is a senior cloud architect and advisor for SAP HANA Enterprise Cloud at SAP. Before joining SAP he worked as a Basis and security administrator, contributing to both small- and large-scale SAP system implementations. He holds a business degree with a focus on information system management from Oregon State University. He enjoys playing vintage video games and shooting sports with his family in Washington State.Alessandro Banzer is the Chief Executive Officer of Xiting, LLC. He has worked in information technology since 2004, specializing in SAP in 2009. Since then, Alessandro has been involved with global SAP projects in various roles. Alessandro is an active contributor and moderator in the Governance, Risk, and Compliance space on SAP Community, as well as a speaker at SAPPHIRE, ASUG, SAPInsider, and other SAP-related events. He holds a degree in business information technology, as well as an executive master of business administration from Hult International Business School in London, UK.

Strengthen the security of SAP NetWeaver systems, including SAP S/4HANA, SAP Business Suite, SAP Fiori, and more

... Preface ... 19

... Target Audience ... 19

... System Administration: A Vast Field of Options ... 20

... What Is Basis? ... 21

... Structure of This Book ... 23

1 ... Introduction ... 25

1.1 ... Potential Threats ... 26

1.2 ... The Onion Concept ... 34

1.3 ... Risk and True Cost of Security ... 37

1.4 ... The Administrator's Role in Security ... 40

1.5 ... Summary ... 43

2 ... Configuring Profiles and Parameters ... 45

2.1 ... Understanding System Parameters ... 46

2.2 ... System Profiles ... 47

2.3 ... Profile and Parameter Structure ... 49

2.4 ... Static and Dynamic Parameters ... 53

2.5 ... Viewing and Setting Parameters ... 55

2.6 ... Key Security-Related Parameters ... 64

2.7 ... Controlling Access to Change Parameters ... 66

2.8 ... Summary ... 67

3 ... Restricting Transactional Access ... 69

3.1 ... Clients ... 71

3.2 ... Who Should Be Able to Lock and Unlock Transactions? ... 71

3.3 ... Which Transactions to Lock ... 71

3.4 ... Locking Transactions ... 73

3.5 ... Viewing Locked Transactions ... 76

3.6 ... Summary ... 78

4 ... Securing Clients ... 79

4.1 ... Client Settings ... 81

4.2 ... Client Logon Locking ... 89

4.3 ... Summary ... 92

5 ... Securing the Kernel ... 93

5.1 ... Understanding the Kernel ... 94

5.2 ... Common Cryptographic Library ... 102

5.3 ... Kernel Update ... 104

5.4 ... Summary ... 114

6 ... Managing Users ... 115

6.1 ... What Is a User ID in SAP? ... 115

6.2 ... Different User Types ... 115

6.3 ... The User Buffer ... 117

6.4 ... Creating and Maintaining a User ... 118

6.5 ... Copy a User ... 128

6.6 ... Change Documents for Users ... 129

6.7 ... Mass User Changes with Transaction SU10 ... 131

6.8 ... User Naming Convention ... 139

6.9 ... Security Policies ... 140

6.10 ... Maintain User Groups ... 145

6.11 ... Central User Administration ... 147

6.12 ... User Lock Status ... 151

6.13 ... User Classification ... 152

6.14 ... User-Related Tables ... 153

6.15 ... Securing Default Accounts ... 154

6.16 ... User Access Reviews ... 156

6.17 ... Inactive Users ... 157

6.18 ... Password and Logon Security ... 158

6.19 ... Segregation of Duties ... 163

6.20 ... Summary ... 165

7 ... Configuring Authorizations ... 167

7.1 ... Authorization Fundamentals ... 168

7.2 ... SAP Role Design Concepts ... 180

7.3 ... The Profile Generator ... 192

7.4 ... Assign and Remove Roles ... 219

7.5 ... Lock and Unlock Transactions ... 221

7.6 ... Transaction SUIM: User Information System ... 221

7.7 ... Role Transport ... 226

7.8 ... Common Standard Profiles ... 228

7.9 ... Types of Transactions ... 229

7.10 ... Table Authorizations ... 239

7.11 ... Printer Authorizations ... 249

7.12 ... Other Important Authorization Objects ... 249

7.13 ... Transaction SACF: Switchable Authorizations ... 253

7.14 ... Customizing Entries in Tables PRGN_CUST and SSM_CUST ... 255

7.15 ... Mass Maintenance of Values within Roles ... 257

7.16 ... Upgrading to a New Release ... 260

7.17 ... ABAP Debugger ... 267

7.18 ... Authorization Redesign and Cleanup ... 269

7.19 ... Introduction to SAP GRC Access Control ... 273

7.20 ... Summary ... 277

8 ... Authentication ... 279

8.1 ... What Is Single Sign-On? ... 279

8.2 ... Single Sign-On Technologies ... 284

8.3 ... SAP GUI Single Sign-On Setup ... 286

8.4 ... SAML ... 309

8.5 ... Summary ... 339

9 ... Patching ... 341

9.1 ... Patching Concepts: SAP's Approach to Patching ... 341

9.2 ... Application of Security SAP Notes ... 347

9.3 ... Implications of Upgrades and Support Packages ... 354

9.4 ... Evaluating Security with SAP Solution Manager ... 354

9.5 ... Summary ... 358

10 ... Securing Transports ... 359

10.1 ... Transport System Concepts ... 360

10.2 ... Transport Authorizations ... 373

10.3 ... Operating System-Level Considerations ... 376

10.4 ... Landscape Considerations ... 377

10.5 ... Summary ... 378

11 ... Auditing and Logging ... 379

11.1 ... External Audits ... 380

11.2 ... Internal Audits ... 381

11.3 ... Auditing Tools ... 382

11.4 ... Summary ... 409

12 ... Securing Network Communications ... 411

12.1 ... Choosing a Network Security Strategy ... 411

12.2 ... Securing Using Access Controls ... 412

12.3 ... Securing the Transport Layer ... 422

12.4 ... Connecting to the Internet and Other Networks ... 424

12.5 ... Summary ... 431

13 ... Configuring Encryption ... 433

13.1 ... Introduction to Cryptography ... 433

13.2 ... Enabling SSL/TLS ... 451

13.3 ... The Internet Connection Manager ... 468

13.4 ... SAP Web Dispatcher ... 481

13.5 ... Summary ... 487

14 ... Database Security ... 489

14.1 ... Platform-Independent Database Considerations ... 490

14.2 ... Securing the Database Connection ... 495

14.3 ... Logging and Encrypting Your Database ... 507

14.4 ... Summary ... 511

15 ... Infrastructure Security ... 513

15.1 ... Business Secure Cell Concept ... 514

15.2 ... Secure Landscape ... 515

15.3 ... Policy ... 519

15.4 ... Operating System Considerations ... 527

15.5 ... Monitoring ... 540

15.6 ... Virtualization Security Considerations ... 553

15.7 ... Network Security Considerations ... 555

15.8 ... Physical Security ... 560

15.9 ... Summary ... 561

1 ... The Authors ... 563

... Index ... 565