1. Understanding Underdevelopment

Developing World Commonalities: The Nature of Underdevelopment

The Causes of Underdevelopment

2. The Political Economy of the Developing World

The Role of the State

Trade and Industrialization Strategies

Growth with Equity

Economic Development and the Environment

The Search for Sustainable Development

Finding the Right Mix

The Effects of Globalization on the Developing World

3. The Surge and Partial Retreat of Democracy

Democracy Defined

Democratic Transition and Consolidation

Authoritarian Beginnings

The Third Wave and Its Effect on the Developing World

International Causes and Consequences of the Third Wave

Prerequisites of Democracy?

Democratic Consolidation Explained

How Do Democracies Perform? Public Policy Compared

Improving the Quality of Democracy

4. Corruption as an Obstacle to Development

Definition and Types of Corruption

The Costs of Corruption

The Causes of Corruption

Combating Corruption

5. Religion and Politics

Religion in the Developing World

Religion, Modernity, and Secularization

The Future of Religion and Politics in the Developing World

6. Politics of Cultural Pluralism and Ethnic Conflict

Defining Ethnicity

Ethnic and State Boundaries

Types of Ethnic and Cultural Divisions

Dependency, Modernization, and Ethnic Conflict

Levels of Interethnic Conflict

Outcomes and Resolutions

Ethnic Pluralism and Democracy

7. Gender and Development

The Status of Women in the Developing World

Gender and Politics

Modernization and the Status of Women

Gender and Democracy

8. The Politics of the Rural and Urban Poor

The Rural Poor: The Peasantry in the Developing World

Rural Class Structures

Peasant Politics

The Politics of Agrarian Reform

The Future of the Rural Poor

Rapid Urbanization and the Politics of the Urban Poor

The Developing World’s Urban Explosion

The Social and Political Consequence of Urban Growth

The Politics of the Urban Poor: Conflicting Images

Forms of Political Expression Among the Urban Poor

The Role of the Rural and Urban Poor in Democratic Change

9. Revolutionary Change

Defining Revolution

Underlying Causes of Revolution

Levels of Popular Support

Peasants as Revolutionaries

Revolutionary Leadership

Revolutionaries in Power

Revolutionary Change and Democracy

10. Soldiers and Politics

The Causes of Military Interventions

Progressive Soldiers and Military Conservatives

The Types and Goals of Military Regimes

The Accomplishments and Failures of Military Regimes

Military Withdrawal from Politics

The Military as a Deciding Factor in the Arab Spring

New Roles for the Armed Forces

Democracy and the Military