The book explores the role of envy in society and its nature as a social emotion that is deeply concerned with both the self and others. It examines envy’s morally problematic aspects but also its aspirations, its effects, and its manifestations in a variety of contexts both personal and political.

Envy is a vicious and shameful response to the good fortune of others, one that ruins friendships and plagues societies—or so the common thinking goes, shaped by millennia of religious and cultural condemnation. Envy’s bad reputation is not completely unwarranted; envy can indeed motivate malicious and counterproductive behavior and may strain or even tear apart relations between people. However, that is not always the case. Investigating the complex nature of this emotion reveals that it plays important functions in social hierarchies and it can motivate one to self-improve and even to achieve moral virtue.

Philosophers and psychologists in this volume explore envy’s characteristics in different cultures, spanning from small hunter-gatherer communities to large industrialized countries, to contexts as diverse as academia, marketing, artificial intelligence, and Buddhism. They explore envy’s role in both the personal and the political sphere, showing the many ways in which envy can either contribute or detract to our flourishing as individuals and as citizens of modern democracies.

Introduction: Striving to Be Better, Sulking in a Corner, Stealing the Spotlight, Spoiling Someone’s Joy: The Many Faces of Envy by Sara Protasi

1. A Sociocultural Perspective on Envy: On Covetous Desire, the Evil Eye, and the Social Regulation of Equality by Patricia Rodriguez Mosquera

2. How Envy and Being Envied Shape Social Hierarchies by Jens Lange and Jan Crusius

3. On the Epistemic Effects of Envy in Academia by Felipe Romero

4. “I could have been you”: Existential Envy and the Self by Íngrid Vendrell Ferran

5. Envy, Compassion and the Buddhist (No)Self by Christina Chuang

6. Let the Donkeys Be Donkeys: In Defense of Inspiring Envy by Maria Silvia Vaccarezza and Ariele Niccoli

7. Malicious Moral Envy by Vanessa Carbonell

8. “You’re Just Jealous!”: On Envious Blame by Neal Tognazzini

9. The Fact of Envy: Trends in the History of Modern Economics by Miriam Bankovsky

10. The Politics of Envy: Outlaw Emotions in Capitalist Societies by Alfred Archer, Alan Thomas and Bart Engelen

11. To Envy an Algorithm by Alison Duncan Kerr

12. The Envious Customer by Niels van de Ven

Index

About the contributors