Amir S. Ranjbar , CCIE No. 8669, is an internetworking trainer and consultant. Born in Tehran, Iran, he moved to Canada in 1983. He received his bachelor,s degree in computer science (1989) and master of science degree in knowledge-based systems (1991) from the University of Guelph in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. After graduation, Amir worked as a programmer/analyst for Statistics Canada until 1995 when he was hired by Digital Equipment Corporation as a certified Microsoft trainer. After performing training on Microsoft Backoffice products such as Windows NT, Exchange Server, and Systems Management Server for three years, he shifted his focus to Cisco Systems. In 1998, he joined GEOTRAIN Corporation, which was later acquired by Global Knowledge Network, and worked for them as a full-time Certified Cisco Systems Instructor until 2005. In October 2005, Amir started his own business (AMIRACAN Inc.) in the field of internetwork consulting, but his major activity is still conducting training for Global Knowledge Network on a contractual basis. His areas of specialty are MPLS, BGP, QoS, VoIP, and advanced routing and switching.

Part I Voice over IP 3 Chapter 1 Cisco VoIP Implementations 5 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 5 Foundation Topics 10 Introduction to VoIP Networks 10 Benefits of Packet Telephony Networks 10 Packet Telephony Components 11 Analog Interfaces 13 Digital Interfaces 14 Stages of a Phone Call 15 Distributed Versus Centralized Call Control 16 Digitizing and Packetizing Voice 19 Basic Voice Encoding: Converting Analog to Digital 19 Basic Voice Encoding: Converting Digital to Analog 20 The Nyquist Theorem 21 Quantization 22 Compression Bandwidth Requirements and Their Comparative Qualities 24 Digital Signal Processors 25 Encapsulating Voice Packets 27 End-to-End Delivery of Voice 27 Protocols Used in Voice Encapsulation 30 Reducing Header Overhead 32 Bandwidth Calculation 34 Impact of Voice Samples and Packet Size on Bandwidth 34 Data Link Overhead 37 Security and Tunneling Overhead 37 Calculating the Total Bandwidth for a VoIP Call 39 Effects of VAD on Bandwidth 41 Implementing VoIP Support in an Enterprise Network 42 Enterprise Voice Implementations 42 Voice Gateway Functions on a Cisco Router 44 Cisco Unified CallManager Functions 45 Enterprise IP Telephony Deployment Models 46 Single-Site Model 46 Multisite with Centralized Call Processing Model 46 Multisite with Distributed Call Processing Model 47 Clustering over WAN Model 48 Identifying Voice Commands in IOS Configurations 48 Call Admission Control (CAC) 49 Part II Quality of Service 55 Chapter 2 IP Quality of Service 57 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 57 Foundation Topics 62 Introduction to QoS 62 Converged Network Issues Related to QoS 62 Available Bandwidth 63 End-to-End Delay 64 Delay Variation 65 Packet Loss 66 Definition of QoS and the Three Steps to Implementing It 68 Implementing QoS 69 Identifying and Comparing QoS Models 72 Best-Effort Model 72 Integrated Services Model 73 Differentiated Services Model 74 QoS Implementation Methods 76 Legacy Command-Line Interface (CLI) 76 Modular QoS Command-Line Interface (MQC) 76 AutoQoS 79 Router and Security Device Manager (SDM) QoS Wizard 81 Foundation Summary 89 Q&A 91 Chapter 3 Classification, Marking, and NBAR 93 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 93 Foundation Topics 97 Classification and Marking 97 Layer 2 QoS: CoS on 802.1Q/P Ethernet Frame 98 Layer 2 QoS: DE and CLP on Frame Relay and ATM (Cells) 99 Layer 2 1/2 QoS: MPLS EXP Field 100 The DiffServ Model, Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP), and Per-Hop Behavior (PHB) 100 IP Precedence and DSCP 102 QoS Service Class 106 Trust Boundaries 108 Network Based Application Recognition (NBAR) 110 Cisco IOS Commands to Configure NBAR 112 Foundation Summary 118 Q&A 119 Chapter 4 Congestion Management and Queuing 123 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 123 Foundation Topics 127 Introduction to Congestion Management and Queuing 127 First-In-First-Out, Priority Queuing, Round-Robin, and Weighted Round-Robin Queuing 130 Weighted Fair Queuing 132 WFQ Classification and Scheduling 133 WFQ Insertion and Drop Policy 135 Benefits and Drawbacks of WFQ 135 Configuring and Monitoring WFQ 135 Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing 138 Classification, Scheduling, and Bandwidth Guarantee 139 Benefits and Drawbacks of CBWFQ 140 Configuring and Monitoring CBWFQ 141 Low-Latency Queuing 142 Benefits of LLQ 144 Configuring and Monitoring LLQ 144 Foundation Summary 146 Q&A 147 Chapter 5 Congestion Avoidance, Policing, Shaping, and Link Efficiency Mechanisms 149 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 149 Foundation Topics 153 Congestion Avoidance 153 Tail Drop and Its Limitations 153 Random Early Detection 154 Weighted Random Early Detection 156 Class-Based Weighted Random Early Detection 158 Configuring CBWRED 158 Traffic Shaping and Policing 163 Measuring Traffic Rates 165 Cisco IOS Policing and Shaping Mechanisms 167 Link Efficiency Mechanisms 167 Layer 2 Payload Compression 168 Header Compression 169 Link Fragmentation and Interleaving 171 Applying Link Efficiency Mechanisms 171 Foundation Summary 172 Q&A 175 Chapter 6 Implementing QoS Pre-Classify and Deploying End-to-End QoS 177 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 177 Foundation Topics 180 Implementing QoS Pre-Classify 180 Virtual Private Networks (VPN) 180 QoS Pre-Classify Applications 181 QoS Pre-Classification Deployment Options 183 Deploying End-to-End QoS 185 QoS Service Level Agreements (SLAs) 186 Enterprise Campus QoS Implementations 188 WAN Edge QoS Implementations 190 Control Plane Policing (CoPP) 192 Foundation Summary 194 Q&A 198 Chapter 7 Implementing AutoQoS 201 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 201 Foundation Topics 205 Introducing AutoQoS 205 Implementing and Verifying AutoQoS 207 Two-Step Deployment of AutoQoS Enterprise on Routers 209 Deploying AutoQoS VoIP on IOS-Based Catalyst Switches 210 Verifying AutoQoS on Cisco Routers and IOS-Based Catalyst Switches 212 AutoQoS Shortcomings and Remedies 215 Automation with Cisco AutoQoS 215 Common AutoQoS Problems 218 Interpreting and Modifying AutoQoS Configurations 219 Foundation Summary 222 Q&A 227 Part III Wireless LAN 229 Chapter 8 Wireless LAN QoS Implementation 231 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 231 Foundation Topics 235 The Need for Wireless LAN QoS 235 WLAN QoS Description 237 Split MAC Architecture and Light Weight Access Point 238 Current Wireless LAN QoS Implementation 239 Configuring Wireless LAN QoS 243 Foundation Summary 247 Q&A 252 Chapter 9 Introducing 802.1x and Configuring Encryption and Authentication on Lightweight Access Points 255 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 255 Foundation Topics 258 Overview of WLAN Security 258 WLAN Security Issues 258 Evolution of WLAN Security Solutions 259 802.1x and EAP Authentication Protocols 260 EAP Authentication Protocols 262 Cisco LEAP 262 EAP-FAST 264 EAP-TLS 266 PEAP 267 WPA, 802.11i, and WPA2 269 Configuring Encryption and Authentication on Lightweight Access Points 272 Open Authentication 272 Static WEP Authentication 273 WPA Preshared Key 274 Web Authentication 276 802.1x Authentication 278 Foundation Summary 281 Q&A 285 Chapter 10 WLAN Management 287 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 287 Foundation Topics 291 The Need for WLAN Management 291 Cisco Unified Wireless Networks 291 Cisco WLAN Implementation 292 WLAN Components 294 CiscoWorks Wireless LAN Solution Engine 295 WLSE Software Features 295 WLSE Key Benefits 296 CiscoWorks WLSE and WLSE Express 296 Simplified WLSE Express Setup 297 WLSE Configuration Templates 298 WLSE IDS Features 298 WLSE Summary 298 Cisco Wireless Control System 299 WCS Location Tracking Options 300 WCS Base Software Features 300 WCS Location Software Features 301 WCS Location + 2700 Series Wireless Location Appliance Features 301 WCS System Features 301 Cisco WCS User Interface 302 Cisco WCS System Requirements 302 WCS Summary Pages 303 Wireless Location Appliance 304 Wireless Location Appliance Architecture 305 Wireless Location Appliance Applications 305 WCS Configuration Examples 306 WCS Login Steps 306 Changing the Root Password 306 Adding a Wireless LAN Controller 307 Configuring Access Points 308 WCS Map 309 Adding a Campus Map 309 Adding a New Building 310 Rogue Access Point Detection 312 Rogue Access Point Alarms 312 Rogue Access Point Location 313 Foundation Summary 314 Q&A 317 Part IV Appendix 319 Appendix A Answers to the "Do I Know This Already?" Quizzes and Q&A Sections 321

Helping you prepare for the CCNP ONT Exam, this work lets you use the CD-ROM test engine to measure topical knowledge and exam readiness. It provides topical coverage and exam preparation for the ONT exam. Each chapter utilizes the necessary components to help you prepare for the exam, including "Do I Know this Already" quizzes.