A state-of-the-art review of the molecular underpinnings of bone-seeking cancers, current treatment approaches for them, and future therapeutic strategies. The authors illuminate the role of various autocrine, paracrine, and immunological factors involved in the progression and establishment of bone metastases, highlighting the physiological processes that lead to bone degradation, pain, angiogenesis, and dysregulation of bone turnover. They also discuss the various strategies that appear to have promise and are currently deployed in treatment or are at the experimental stage.

A state-of-the-art review of the molecular underpinnings of bone-seeking cancers, current treatment approaches for them, and future therapeutic strategies. The authors illuminate the role of various autocrine, paracrine, and immunological factors involved in the progression and establishment of bone metastases, highlighting the physiological processes that lead to bone degradation, pain, angiogenesis, and dysregulation of bone turnover. They also discuss the various strategies that appear to have promise and are currently deployed in treatment or are at the experimental stage.

Fundamental Concepts.- Overview.- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide and Malignancy.- Vitamin D and Vitamin D Analogs in Cancer Progression and Metastasis.- Role of TGF-? and IGF in Tumor Progression and Bone Metastases.- Biologic and Therapeutic Implications of Osteomimicry and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer.- Roles of Immune-Cell-Derived Matrix Metalloproteinases in Tumor Growth and Metastasis.- Contribution of Osteopontin to the Development of Bone Metastasis.- Role of Interleukin-11 in Osteolytic Bone Metastasis.- Cell Adhesion Molecules in Tumor Metastasis.- PTHrP and Cancer.- Antithrombotics in Tumor Growth and Metastasis.- Therapeutic Strategies.- Challenges and Strategies in the Analysis of Multiple Events in Oncology.- Integrins.- Bone Metastasis and Pathological Fractures.- Role of Photodynamic Therapy for Bone Metastasis.- Docetaxel for Metastatic Cancer and Its Role in Combination Therapies for Advanced Prostate Cancer.- Use of Tetracyclines for Bone Metastases.- Role of Bisphosphonates in Skeletal Metastases.- Radiation Treatment of Bone Metastases.

A state-of-the-art review of the molecular underpinnings of bone-seeking cancers, current treatment approaches for them, and future therapeutic strategies. The authors illuminate the role of various autocrine, paracrine, and immunological factors involved in the progression and establishment of bone metastases, highlighting the physiological processes that lead to bone degradation, pain, angiogenesis, and dysregulation of bone turnover. They also discuss the various strategies that appear to have promise and are currently deployed in treatment or are at the experimental stage.