Criminality and Crime integrates criminality and participation in a specific criminal event. Although criminality and crime are normally considered separate entities, this book treats them as part of the same process, connected by their common association with criminal thinking.

Walters provides a detailed description of how criminal thinking serves as a vital link between criminality and crime. Criminality, the propensity to become involved in criminal activity, and crime, participation in a specific criminal event, are normally treated as separate entities. Most criminological theories, in fact, can be classified as either theories of criminality or theories of crime. It is the author’s contention that criminality and crime are two sides of the same coin, and that criminal thinking can explain both. The first of three sections explores the elements of criminality and crime across biological, social, cognitive, and developmental forms. The second section integrates the individual elements into three models using mediation and moderation methodologies. Two of the models are designed to explain criminality (moral and control) and the third is designed to explain crime (decision-making). The final section of the book emphasizes application and explains that change is a function of our ability to build competencies in offenders regardless of age. The result is an integrated approach in which criminality and crime are viewed as indispensable parts of a larger theory of criminological development.

Section I

Chapter 1. On Not Missing the Forest for the Trees

Chapter 2. Crime, Criminality, and Human Nature

Chapter 3. Social Foundations of a Criminal Lifestyle

Chapter 4. Cognitive Foundations of a Criminal Lifestyle

Chapter 5. Developmental Foundations of a Criminal Lifestyle

Section II

Chapter 6. The Moral Model of Lifestyle Criminality

Chapter 7. The Control Model of Lifestyle Criminality

Chapter 8. The Decision-Making Model of Crime

Section III

Chapter 9. Managing Criminality: Part I. Reducing Risk by Building Competencies

Chapter 10. Managing Criminality: Part II. Reducing Risk by Changing Environments

Chapter 11. Crime Prevention: Limiting Opportunities, Altering Incentives, and Addressing

Aggravating and Mitigating Conditions

Chapter 12. Returning to the Forest