In the 19th Century, economic growth was accompanied by large-scale structural change, known as industrialization, which fundamentally affected western societies. Even though industrialization is on the wane in some advanced economies and we are experiencing substantial structural changes again, the causes and consequences of these changes are inextricably linked with earlier industrialization.This means that understanding 19th Century industrialization helps us understand problems of contemporary economic growth. There is no recent study on economic developments in 19th Century Germany. So this concise volume, written specifically with students of German and economic history in mind, will prove to be most valuable, not least because of its wealth of statistical data.

In the 19th Century, economic growth was accompanied by large-scale structural change, known as industrialization, which fundamentally affected western societies. Even though industrialization is on the wane in some advanced economies and we are experiencing substantial structural changes again, the causes and consequences of these changes are inextricably linked with earlier industrialization.This means that understanding 19th Century industrialization helps us understand problems of contemporary economic growth. There is no recent study on economic developments in 19th Century Germany. So this concise volume, written specifically with students of German and economic history in mind, will prove to be most valuable, not least because of its wealth of statistical data.

List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Foreword

Introduction

PART I: THE GENERAL FRAMEWORK AND FOUNDATIONS OF GERMAN INDUSTRIALIZATION

Chapter 1. The German “State”: Changing Boundaries

• Germany at the End of the Eighteenth Century
• Germany during the Napoleonic Wars (1793 to 1806–15)
• Germany after the Congress of Vienna
• Germany and the Zollverein (1834–1866)
• Germany and the North German Confederation (1866–1870)
• The German Kaiserreich

Chapter 2. A Quantitative Overview of Germany’s Economic Expansion in the Nineteenth Century

Chapter 3. Institutional and Commercial Preconditions

• Agrarian Reforms: The Case of Prussia
• The Development of the German Zollverein,
• The Zollverein and Monetary Integration: The Rise of the Mark
• The Impact of Monetary and Banking Reforms
• A Methodological Note on Causality

Chapter 4. The Emergence of a Modern Economy

• Capital Formation
• Labor Force
• Labor in Agriculture
• Labor in Industry and Handicrafts
• Technology and Competition: The Case of the Iron Industry
• Railways and the Leading Sector Syndrome: Backward and Forward Linkages
• The Role of the State

PART II: THE GERMAN ECONOMY SINCE THE MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Chapter 5. Agriculture

• Production and Productivity
• Agricultural Protection

Chapter 6. Population and Labor

• Population and Migration
• Population Growth
• Population Dynamics
• Migration
• Labor Force Development
• Size and Structure
• Quality of Labor
• Living Conditions
• Institutional Arrangements

Chapter 7. Money and Banking

• Structure of the Banking Sector
• Contributions of Banks to Industrial Growth

Chapter 8. Entrepreneurship

• Social Origins and Mobility
• Traditional Obstacles
• Qualifications
• Political Influence

Chapter 9. The Role of the State

• Mercantilist Traditions and Periodization
• “New” Economic Policies
• Nationalization of the Railways
• Fiscal and Tariff Policy
• Social Policy

Chapter 10. The International Economy

• International Trade at Mid-century
• Trade Expansion, 1870–1914
• Growing Protectionism after 1870
• Foreign Investment

Epilogue

Selected Bibliography
Index