This book brings together ideas on identifying and measuring second language proficiency. The chapters introduce a range of tools for the evaluation of learners' language level with respect to both productive and receptive skills and provide a variety of answers to the question of how to assess L2 proficiency in a valid, reliable and practical way.

The creation of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) has given rise to interest and debate among policy makers, testers, teachers and researchers alike in the reliability and feasibility of the assessment of second language (L2) proficiency. This volume brings together concrete ideas on identifying and measuring L2 proficiency from different branches of SLA research (psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic, corpus-based, applied linguistics) to contribute to a deeper understanding of what it means to be proficient in an L2. The chapters introduce a wide range of tools that are innovative, reliable, and easy-to-use for the evaluation of learners’ language level with respect to both productive and receptive skills and provide a variety of answers to the question of how to assess L2 proficiency in a valid, reliable and practical manner. The collection will therefore inspire language teachers, teacher trainers and language testing specialists and help them adapt their assessment practices when necessary, and will also be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers.

Acknowledgements 
Preface 
1. Pascale Leclercq and Amanda Edmonds: How to Assess L2 Proficiency? An Overview of Proficiency Assessment Research 
Part I: General Considerations for L2 Assessment 
2. Heather Hilton: Oral Fluency and Spoken Proficiency: Considerations for Research and Testing 
3. John Osborne: Multiple Assessments of Oral Proficiency: Evidence from a Collaborative Platform. 
4. Marcus Callies, Maria Belén Díez-Bedmar and Ekaterina Zaytseva: Using Learner Corpora for Testing and Assessing L2 Proficiency. 
Part II Language Processing and L2 Proficiency 
5. Peter Prince: Listening Comprehension: Processing Demands and Assessment Issues 
6. Carrie A. Ankerstein: A Psycholinguistic Measurement of Second Language Proficiency: The Coefficient of Variance 
7. Dominique Bairstow, Jean-Marc Lavaur, Jannika Laxen and Xavier Aparicio: Evaluating the Workings of Bilingual Memory with a Translation Recognition Task 
Part III Focused Assessment Instruments 
8. Nicole Tracy-Ventura, Kevin McManus, Lourdes Ortega and John Norris: “Repeat as much as you can”: Elicited Imitation as a Measure of Oral Proficiency in L2 French 
9. Kevin McManus, Nicole Tracy-Ventura, Rosamond Mitchell, Laurence Richard and Patricia Romero de Mills: Exploring the Acquisition of the French Subjunctive: Local Syntactic Context or Oral Proficiency? 
10. Naouel Zoghlami: Testing L2 Listening Proficiency: Reviewing Standardized tests within a Competence-Based Framework. 
11. Libby M. Gertken, Mark Amengual and David Birdsong: Assessing Language Dominance with the Bilingual Language Profile 
Epilogue