Essays illuminate a wide range of topics from the Middle Ages, from the seals of an empress to priests' wives and the undead.

Essays illuminate a wide range of topics from the Middle Ages, from the seals of an empress to priests' wives and the undead.

This volume of theHaskins Society Journal demonstrates the Society's continued engagement with historical and interdisciplinary research from the early to the central Middle Ages on a broad range of topics including militarism, piety, the miraculous and the monstrous. Chapters explore material culture through a mythic eleventh-century papal banner and the seals and coins of the Empress Matilda; offer new insights into Carolingian hagiography and into the undead in theHistoria rerum Anglicarum. Further chapters feature new evidence on the role of priests' wives, the tensions of multiple lordships, shifting identities in the Irish Sea world, and the didactic use of royal anger. A fresh examination of Aelred of Rievaulx'sRelatio de Standaro and a re-assessment of Flemish documentary practice continue the Haskins Society's commitment to primary source analysis. Two essays on the thirteenth century, including links between Crusade spirituality and lay penitential strategies and an investigation into the economic costs of waging war, round out the volume.
Contributors: DAN ARMSTRONG, DAVID S. BACHRACH, DANIEL M. BACHRACH, JILLIAN M. BJERKE, HANNAH BOSTON, MARIAH COOPER, FIONA J. GRIFFITHS, JESSE M. HARRINGTON, JEAN-FRANÇOIS NIEUS, ALICE RIO, CHARITY URBANSKI, PATRICK WADDEN, MEGHAN WOOLLEY, LU ZUO

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Editors' Note
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1 Nearly-Not Miracles of the Carolingian Era: A Hypothesis
Alice Rio
2 Noble Fathers and Low-Status Daughters in the Eleventh Century: Rilint, libera, and Hiltigund, presbyterissa
Fiona J. Griffiths
3 The Norman Conquest of England, the Papacy, and the Papal Banner
Dan Armstrong
4 Ostmen, Normans, or Norwegians? Names and Identities in the Irish Sea World c. 1100
Patrick Wadden
5 The Origins of Administrative Lordship in Medieval Flanders: A Reassessment
Jean-François Nieus
6 Multiple Allegiance and Its Impact: England and Normandy, 1066-c. 1204
Hannah Boston
7 The Wiley Lecture: Monsters in Anglo-Norman Historiography; Two Notes on William of Newburgh's Revenants
Charity Urbanski
8 A Female King or a Good Wife and a Great Mother? Seals, Coins, and the Epitaphic Legacy of the Empress Matilda
Mariah Cooper
9 Harangue or Homily? Walter Espec, Deuteronomy, and the Renewal of the Covenant in Aelred of Rievaulx's Relatio de Standardo
Jesse Patrick Harrington
10 Anger Management: Modeling Christian Kingship in Peter of Blois's Dialogus
Meghan Woolley
11 In His Name: Religion as Administrative Strategy in Thirteenth-Century Champagne (and Navarre?)
Jillian M. Bjerke
12 Warhorse Markets and Social Status of Combatants under Edward I of England, 1296-1307
David S. Bachrach, Daniel Bachrach, and Lu Zuo