Claire Bishop is a British art historian, critic, and Professor of Art History at The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York. Bishop is known as one of the central theorists of participation in visual art and performance, Her books have been translated into over eighteen languages and she is a frequent contributor to art journals including Artforum and October. She is also the author of Radical Museology, or, What's Contemporary in Museums of Contemporary Art.

The award-winning, highly acclaimed "Artificial Hells" is the first historical and theoretical overview of socially engaged participatory art, known in the US as "social practice." In recent decades, the art gallery and the museum have become a place for participatory art, where an audience is encouraged to take part in the artwork. This has been heralded as a revolutionary practise that can promote new emancipatory social relations. What was it is really?
In this fully updated edition, Claire Bishop follows the trajectory of twentieth-century art and examines key moments in the development of a participatory aesthetic. This itinerary takes in Futurism and Dada;the Situationist International;Happenings in Eastern Europe, Argentina and Paris;the 1970s Community Arts Movement;and the Artists Placement Group. It concludes with a discussion of long-term educational projects by contemporary artists such as Thomas Hirschhorn, Tania Bruguera, Pawel Althamer and Paul Chan.
Bishop challenges the political and aesthetic ambitions of participatory art this practise. She not only scrutinizes the emancipatory claims, but also provides an alternative to the ethical (rather than artistic) criteria invited by such artworks. In response "Artificial Hells" calls for a less prescriptive approach to art and politics, and for more compelling, troubling and bolder forms of participatory art and criticism.