This open access book examines from a variety of perspectives the disappearance of moral content and ethical judgment from the models employed in the formulation of modern economic theory, and some of the papers contain important proposals about how moral judgment could be reintroduced in economic theory. The chapters collected in this volume result from the favorable reception of the first volume of the Virtues in Economics series and represent further contributions to the themes set out in that volume: (i) examining the philosophical and methodological fallacies of this turn in modern economic theory that the removal of the moral motivation of economic agents from modern economic theory has entailed; and (ii) proposing a return descriptive economics as the  means with which the moral content of economic life could be restored in economic theory.

This book is of interest to researchers and students of the methodology of economics, ethics, philosophers concerned with agency and economists who build economic models that rest in the intention of the agent.

Introduction.- Chapter 1. Made with Words. Intentionality and the Objects of Economics (Péter Róna).- Chapter 2. An Essay on Humble Economics (Łukasz Hardt).- Chapter 3. What is economics for? (Brendan Hogan).- Chapter 4. Should economics make a pragmatic turn? John Dewey, Karl Polanyi, and critique of economic naturalism (Maciej Kassner).- Chapter 5. Moral Economics - a theoretical basis for building the next economic system (Zsófia Hajnal).- Chapter 6. How (Not) to Connect Ethics and Economics: Epistemological and Metaethical Problems for the Perfectly Competitive Market (Caspar Willem Safarlou).- Chapter 7. Research Ethics in Economics: What If Economists and Their Subjects are not Rational? (Altug Yalcintas and Eylül Seren Kösel).- Chapter 8. Economic choice revisited: lessons from pre-modern thinkers (Agnieszka Wincewicz-Price).- Chapter 9. Between Individual and Collective Rationality (Anna Horodecka and Liudmyla Vozna).- Chapter 10. Naturalisation of the Normative Economics(Marcin Gorazda).- Chapter 11. Beyond Mere Utility-Maximisation. Towards an Axiologically Enriched Account of Well-Being (Tomasz Kwarciński and Wojciech Załuski).- Chapter 12. Identity Theories in Economics: A Phenomenological Approach (Ricardo Crespo and Ivana Anton Mlinar).- Chapter 13. Temporal Structures of Justification in the Economic Analysis of Law:  Legal Philosophy and Free Will (Kevin Jackson).- Index.