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Assessing Environmental Risk of Oil Spills with ERA Acute
A New Methodology
eBook
Sofort lieferbar | Lieferzeit: Sofort lieferbar I
ISBN-13:
9783030701765
Veröffentl:
2021
Einband:
eBook
Seiten:
119
Autor:
Cathrine Stephansen
Serie:
SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science
eBook Typ:
PDF
eBook Format:
Reflowable eBook
Kopierschutz:
Digital Watermark [Social-DRM]
Sprache:
Englisch
Beschreibung:
This open access book introduces readers to a new methodology for assessing the risks to the marine environment following accidental oil spills. The methodology will soon be implemented on the Norwegian Continental Shelf and will be complemented by guidelines for its use in a regulatory framework. The brief book is intended to provide international readers with a basic grasp of what the ERA Acute methodology consists of, what its applications are, and the underlying impact and restoration models used in its development. The content is divided into three main parts: an introduction and overview of risk management applications for generalists at the management level, a model overview for generalist scientists, and a more detailed final section for risk assessment professionals, which presents the results of the validation and sensitivity testing.
This open access book introduces readers to a new methodology for assessing the risks to the marine environment following accidental oil spills. The methodology will soon be implemented on the Norwegian Continental Shelf and will be complemented by guidelines for its use in a regulatory framework.
The brief book is intended to provide international readers with a basic grasp of what the ERA Acute methodology consists of, what its applications are, and the underlying impact and restoration models used in its development. The content is divided into three main parts: an introduction and overview of risk management applications for generalists at the management level, a model overview for generalist scientists, and a more detailed final section for risk assessment professionals, which presents the results of the validation and sensitivity testing.
1 PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS
3 INTRODUCTION – WHY ERA ACUTE AND WHAT ARE THE NEW CONCEPTS?
3.1 HOW TO READ THIS BOOK
3.2 WHY THE NEED FOR A NEW METHODOLOGY?
3.3 METHODOLOGY, MODEL AND SOFTWARE
3.4 INPUTS NEEDED TO RUN ERA ACUTE
3.4.1 Oil spill trajectory modelling
3.4.2 Valued Ecosystem Components
3.4.3 Model input parameters
3.5 BASIC CONCEPTS OF ERA ACUTE
3.5.1 ERA Acute uses continuous risk functions
3.5.2 Two main steps – three levels of detail
3.5.3 Introducing the Resource Damage Factor
3.6 FROM SPILL SCENARIO TO CASE AND FROM DAMAGE TO RISK
3.7 WHAT CAN ERA ACUTE RESULTS BE USED FOR?
3.8 CHALLENGES OF A NEW METHODOLOGY - LIMITATIONS OF MODELLING
3.9 REFERENCES – INTRODUCTION
4 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS OF ERA ACUTE
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 ERA ACUTE USAGE AREAS
4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK SCREENING
4.4 DAMAGE AND RISK ASSESSMENT
4.5 NEBA AND SIMA EVALUATIONS
4.6 SUMMARY OF ERM APPLICATIONS CHAPTER
4.7 REFERENCES – ERM APPLICATIONS
5 AN ERA ACUTE MODEL OVERVIEW
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 SETTING UP THE CASE AND INPUT TO EXPOSURE CALCULATIONS
5.3 FOUR COMPARTMENTS
5.4 STEP A: IMPACT MODELLING
5.5 STEP B: IMPACT DURATION MODELLING
5.6 SUMMARIZING IMPACTS IN CELLS TO SCENARIOS AND DSHAS
5.7 SURFACE COMPARTMENT CALCULATIONS
5.8 IMPACT MODELLING
5.8.1 Time factors and restoration
5.9 SHORELINE COMPARTMENT
5.9.1 Impact modelling
5.9.2 Time factors and restoration modelling
5.10 WATER COLUMN COMPARTMENT
5.10.1 Impact modelling
5.10.2 Time Factors and Restoration Modelling
5.11 SEA FLOOR COMPARTMENT FUNCTIONS
5.11.1 Impact Modelling
5.11.2 Time Factors and Restoration Modelling
5.12 SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY
5.13 REFERENCES – MODEL OUTLINE
6 TESTING AND VALIDATING AGAINST HISTORIC SPILLS
6.1 METHOD OF VALIDATION AGAINST HISTORIC SPILLS
6.1.1 Analysis areas
6.1.2 Injury estimates and construction of performance boundaries
6.1.3 Reconstruction of the oil spills in the analysis areas
6.1.4 Reconstruction of resource data in the analysis areas
6.2 RESULTS OF THE VALIDATION
6.2.1 The surface environmental compartment
6.2.2 The shoreline environmental compartment
6.2.3 The seafloor environmental compartment
6.3 DISCUSSION OF THE VALIDATION
6.4 SUMMARY OF THE VALIDATION
6.5 REFERENCES – VALIDATION EXAMPLES
7 SENSITIVITY OF ERA ACUTE TOWARDS INPUT PARAMETERS
7.1 METHODS USED IN SENSITIVITY TESTING
7.2 UNCERTAINTY SCORING OF THE PARAMETERS
7.3 SURFACE COMPARTMENT
7.4 WATER COLUMN COMPARTMENT
7.5 SHORELINE COMPARTMENT
7.6 SEA FLOOR COMPARTMENT
7.7 REDUCING UNCERTAINTIES AND VARIATION
7.8 REFERENCES – SENSITIVITY TESTING
8 WHAT NEXT?
8.1 STATUS OF THE METHODOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION
8.2 FURTHER WORK
9 APPENDICES