This book sheds light on various ethical challenges military and humanitarian health care personnel (HCP) face while working in adverse conditions. Contexts of armed conflict, hybrid wars or other forms of violence short of war, as well as natural disasters, all have in common that ordinary circumstances can no longer be taken for granted. Hence, the provision of health care has to adapt, for example, to a different level of risk, to scarce resources, or uncommon approaches due to external incentives or requirements. This affects the practice of health care as well as its ethics. This book offers a panoramic overview on various challenges healthcare faces in extraordinary situations and provides new insights from practitioners’ as well as from academic scholars’ perspectives.

Chapter 1. Health Care in Contexts of Risk, Uncertainty, and Hybridity – Introduction to the Volume (Daniel Messelken & David T. Winkler).- Part 1: Doctrinal and legal aspects.- Chapter 2. Military Medical Ethics & the United States: An Overview of Recent Developments in the Operationalized Landscape (Sheena Eagan).- Chapter 3. Attacks on hospitals: an alarming problem for military medicine as well as for humanitarian medicine (Philippe Calain).- Chapter 4. Impact of US anti-terrorism legislation on the obligation of non-state armed groups to provide medical care to the wounded and sick under IHL (Audrey Palama).- Chapter 5. Military Medical Staff in Hybrid Wars (Paul Gilbert).- Part 2: Treating soldiers.- Chapter 6. Morituri soldiers on operation theatres: the French approach and a case analysis (Gwion Loarer & Julien Viant).- Chapter 7. Patient Preference Predictors and Paternalism in Military Medicine (Nathaniel Sharadin).- Chapter 8. Battlefield Euthanasia: Ethics and the Law (David L. Perry).- Part 3: Treating civilians and humanitarian missions.- Chapter 9. The Ethical Challenges of Providing Medical Care to Civilians during Armed Conflict (Michael L. Gross).- Chapter 10. Bridging the Gap between Intentions and Outcomes in Military Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief missions (Joanne Clifford).- Chapter 11. Rescuing Relief in Remote Management and Programming: Using a Duty of Care Transfer Review to Assess the Accountability of Humanitarian Interventions (Ali Okhowat & Caroline Clarinval).- Chapter 12. Unpacking the “oughtness” of palliative care in humanitarian crises: moral logics and what is at stake? (Elysee Nouvet et al).- Chapter 13. Risk and infectious disease outbreaks: should military medical personnel be willing to accept greater risks than civilian medical workers? (Heather Draper).- Part 4: Doing research.- Chapter 14. When to Suspend Bioethical Principles in Military Medicine for Operational Purposes: a Framework Approach (Nikki Coleman).- Chapter 15. The Ethics of Biomedical Military Research: Therapy, Prevention, Enhancement, and Risk (Alexandre Erler & Vincent Müller).- Chapter 16. Military medicine research: Incorporation of high risk of irreversible harms into a stratified risk framework for clinical trials (Alexander Harris & Frédéric Gilbert).- Index.