This edited volume systematically analyzes the connection between xenophobia, nativism, and Pan-Africanism. It situates attacks on black Africans by fellow black Africans within the context of ideals such as Pan-Africanism and Ubuntu, which emphasize unity. The book straddles a range of social science perspectives to explain why attacks on foreign nationals in Africa usually entail attacks on black foreign nationals. Written by an international and interdisciplinary team of scholars, the book is divided into four sections that each explain a different facet of this complicated relationship. Section One discusses the history of colonialism and apartheid and their relationship to xenophobia. Section Two critically evaluates Pan-Africanism as a concept and as a practice in 21st century Africa. Section Three presents case studies on xenophobia in contemporary Africa. Section Four similarly discusses cases of nativism. Addressing a complex issue in contemporary African politics, this volume will be of use to students and scholars interested in African studies, African politics, human rights, migration, history, law, and development economics.

Section One: Pan-Africanism Then and Now.- Chapter 1: The Utility of Pan-Africanism in Africa and the African Diaspora.- Chapter 2: How Relevant is Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism in the Twenty-First Century.- Chapter 3: Xeno-Afrophobia and Pan-Africanism: What lies beneath the mask of an Identity.- Chapter 4: South Africa’s Segue from Apartheid to Xenophobia: An Analysis Using René Dumont’s False Start for Africa and Frantz Fanon’s Pitfalls of National Consciousness.- Section Two: History in Colonial and Apartheid Eras.- Chapter 5: African History and its Contradictions: Re-thinking the Pan-Africanist Idea of Egyptology in Ayi Kwei Armah’s KMT.- Chapter 6: Colonial Xenophobia and the Fear of ‘Foreign’ Politics in the Nineteenth-Century Cape Colony.- Chapter 7: Apartheid Segregation Laws as an Underlying Instigator of Xenophobia in South Africa: A Critical Reflection.- Chapter 8: A Theoretical Understanding of Xenophobia Through an Invisible Participant.- Section Three: Xenophobiain Contemporary Africa.- Chapter 9: Xenophobic attacks in South Africa: African responses in the context of Pan-Africanism.- Chapter 10: Xenophobia Attacks on Nigerians in South Africa: Counting the Human and Economic Costs.- Chapter 11: Xenophobia, Nativism and Regional Integration in Central Africa.- Chapter 12: Xenophobia in historical perspective: Causation, Consequences and Conquest.- Section Four: Nativism in Africa.- Chapter 13: Three Times a State, Never a Nation: Indians in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe.- Chapter 14: Social media and its role in Nationalistic Influence in Africa.- Chapter 15: Nativism in Nigeria: The Struggle for Ownership and Control of Resources.- Chapter 16: The Politics of Race and Colour in Southern Africa.- Chapter 17: Concluding Remarks: The Specter of Identity Politics against a Pan-African Backdrop.- Index.