This book analyzes international affairs in the post-Cold War era by taking a special look at identity, norms and interests and the limits of liberal normative universalism. The book assesses the causes of the deterioration of Russian - Western relations, the management of the liberal international order, the challenges liberal democracies face today, the rise of China and its consequences on global governance, and the war in Ukraine as an outcome of the dynamics described throughout the book. China and Russia represent different normative frameworks, have their own national interests, have increased their relative strength and influence and represent alternative economic and diplomatic partners for the Global South. Meanwhile, rising populist sentiment in western liberal democracies reflects important dissatisfaction with establishment policies. This research is particularly important for crafting creative solutions to the dynamic changes of the 21st century and the rise of nonwestern powers with different identities, interests and norms.  

 

1. Introduction.- 2. Management of the Liberal International Order.- 3. Russian – Western Relations: A Trust Never Built.- 4. The Rise of China and the China – Russia Relationship.- 5. The Limits of Liberal Universalism and the Crisis in Ukraine.- 6. Pluralism and Pragmatism in International Relations.