This five-volume series provides a comprehensive overview of all important aspects of modern drying technology, concentrating on the transfer of cutting-edge research results to industrial use. Volume 5 is dedicated to process intensification by hybrid processes that combine convective or contact heat transfer with microwaves, ultrasound or radiation. Process intensification by more efficient choice, distribution, and flow of the drying medium - such as impinging jet drying, pulse combustion drying, superheated steam drying, drying in specially designed spouted beds - are thoroughly discussed. Moreover, methods that favorably affect the process by changing the structure of the drying product, e.g. foaming, electroporation, are treated. Emphasis is placed on drying, including freeze-drying, of sensitive materials such as foods, biomaterials and pharmaceuticals. Released Volumes of Modern Drying Technology: * Volume 1: Computational Tools at Different Scales ISBN 978-3-527-31556-7 * Volume 2: Experimental Techniques ISBN 978-3-527-31557-4 * Volume 3: Product Quality and Formulation ISBN 978-3-527-31558-1 * Volume 4: Energy Savings ISBN 978-3-527-31559-8 * Set (Volume 1-5) ISBN 978-3-527-31554-3

This five-volume series provides a comprehensive overview of all important aspects of modern drying technology, concentrating on the transfer of cutting-edge research results to industrial use.Volume 5 is dedicated to process intensification by hybrid processes that combine convective or contact heat transfer with microwaves, ultrasound or radiation. Process intensification by more efficient choice, distribution, and flow of the drying medium - such as impinging jet drying, pulse combustion drying, superheated steam drying, drying in specially designed spouted beds - are thoroughly discussed.Moreover, methods that favorably affect the process by changing the structure of the drying product, e.g. foaming, electroporation, are treated. Emphasis is placed on drying, including freeze-drying, of sensitive materials such as foods, biomaterials and pharmaceuticals.Released Volumes of Modern Drying Technology:* Volume 1: Computational Tools at Different ScalesISBN 978-3-527-31556-7* Volume 2: Experimental TechniquesISBN 978-3-527-31557-4* Volume 3: Product Quality and FormulationISBN 978-3-527-31558-1* Volume 4: Energy SavingsISBN 978-3-527-31559-8* Set (Volume 1-5)ISBN 978-3-527-31554-3

PrefaceRecommended NotationEFCE Working Party on Drying: Address ListIMPINGING JET DRYINGApplicationSingle NozzleNozzle FieldsSummary of the Nusselt FunctionsDesign of Nozzle FieldConclusionPULSE COMBUSTION DRYINGPrinciple of Pulse CombustionPulse Combustors: Design and OperationAerodynamics, Heat and Mass TransferModeling of Pulse Combustion DryingPulse Combustion in DryingSUPERHEATED STEAM DRYING OF FOODS AND BIOMATERIALSIntroductionPrinciple of Superheated Steam Drying (SSD)Atmospheric-Pressure Superheated Steam DryingLow-Pressure Superheated Steam Drying (LPSSD)Application of LPSSD to Improve the Quality of Foods and BiomaterialsConcluding RemarksINTENSIFICATION OF FLUIDIZED-BED PROCESSES FOR DRYING AND FORMULATIONIntroductionIntensification by Apparatus and Flow DesignIntensification by Contact HeatingFurther Methods of IntensificationConclusionINTENSIFICATION OF FREEZE-DRYING FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL AND FOOD INDUSTRIESIntroductionExergetic Analysis (and Optimization) of the Freeze-Drying ProcessProcess Intensification in Vacuum Freeze-Drying of LiquidsAtmospheric Freeze-DryingUse of Combined Technologies for Drying Heat-Sensitive ProductsContinuous Freeze-DryingConclusionsDRYING OF FOAMED MATERIALSIntroductionFoam PropertiesFoam Spray DryingFoam-Mat DryingSummaryPROCESS-INDUCED MINIMIZATION OF MASS TRANSFER BARRIER FOR IMPROVED DRYINGIntroductionStructural Characterization of Plant Raw Materials and Impact of PEF and UltrasoundPulsed Electric Field (PEF) Application as a PretreatmentContact Ultrasound for Combined Drying ProcessesConclusionDRYING ASSISTED BY POWER ULTRASOUNDIntroductionUltrasoundUltrasonic EquipmentInfluence of the Main Process Variables on Drying Intensification by UltrasoundConclusionsMICROWAVE-ASSISTED DRYING OF FOODS - EQUIPMENT, PROCESS AND PRODUCT QUALITYIntroductionMicrowave-Assisted Drying of FoodsMicrowave-Assisted Drying EquipmentMicrowave-Assisted Drying ProcessMicrowave-Assisted Drying Process Control and Optimal OperationConcluding RemarksINFRARED DRYINGIntroductionRadiation Heat TransferClassification, Research, and Applications of Radiation DryingTypes of RadiatorsInteraction between Matter and Infrared RadiationKinetics of Infrared DryingInfrared Drying Combined with other Types of DryingConclusionsIndex