Biosensors are devices that detect the presence of microbials such as bacteria, viruses or a range biomolecules, including proteins, enzymes, DNA and RNA. For example, they are routinely applied for monitoring the glucose concentration in blood, quality analysis of fresh and waste water and for food control. Nanomaterials are ideal candidates for building sensor devces: where in just a few molecules can alter the properties so drastically that these changes may be easily detected by optical, electrical or chemical means. Recent advantages have radically increased the sensitivity of nanomaterial-based biosensors, making it possible to detect one particular molecule against a background of billions of others. Focusing on the materials suitable for biosensor applications, such as nanoparticles, quantum dots, meso- and nanoporous materials and nanotbues, this text enables the reader to prepare the respective nanomaterials for use in actual devices by appropriate functionalization, surface processing or directed self-assembly. The emphasis throughout is on electrochemical, optical and mechancial detection methods, leading to solutions for today's most challenging tasks. The result is a reference for researchers and developers, disseminating first-hand information on which nanomaterial is best suited to a particular application - and why.

Biosensors are devices that detect the presence of microbials such as bacteria, viruses or a range biomolecules, including proteins, enzymes, DNA and RNA. For example, they are routinely applied for monitoring the glucose concentration in blood, quality analysis of fresh and waste water and for food control. Nanomaterials are ideal candidates for building sensor devces: where in just a few molecules can alter the properties so drastically that these changes may be easily detected by optical, electrical or chemical means. Recent advantages have radically increased the sensitivity of nanomaterial-based biosensors, making it possible to detect one particular molecule against a background of billions of others.Focusing on the materials suitable for biosensor applications, such as nanoparticles, quantum dots, meso- and nanoporous materials and nanotbues, this text enables the reader to prepare the respective nanomaterials for use in actual devices by appropriate functionalization, surface processing or directed self-assembly. The emphasis throughout is on electrochemical, optical and mechancial detection methods, leading to solutions for today's most challenging tasks.The result is a reference for researchers and developers, disseminating first-hand information on which nanomaterial is best suited to a particular application - and why.

PrefaceNEW MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR DEVELOPMENTIntroductionCarbon NanotubesConductive Polymer NanostructuresNanoparticlesConclusionsADVANCED NANOPARTICLES IN MEDICAL BIOSENSORSIntroductionNanoparticlesConclusions and OutlookSMART POLYMERIC NANOFIBERS RESOLVING BIORECOGNITION ISSUESIntroductionNanofibersElectrospinning of NanofibersBiorecognition DevicesConclusionsFABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF NANOPARTICLE-BASED BIOSENSRSIntroductionNanoparticle-Based Biosensors and their FabricationEvaluation of Nanoparticle-Based NanosensorsApplications of Nanoparticle-Based BiosensorsConclusionsENZYME-BASED BIOSENSORS: SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONSIntroductionSynthesis and Characterization of Biosensor SupportsAplication of Enzyme-Based BiosensorsConclusionsENERGY HARVESTING FOR BIOSENSORS USING BIOFRIENDLY MATERIALSIntroductionEnergy Production and ConsumptionClassification of Energy-Harvesting DevicesConclusionsCARBON NANOTUBES: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO SENSING AND IMAGINGIntroductionCarbon Nanotubes: Structure, Physical and Chemical Properties, and ApplicationsNear-IR Absorption of Carbon NanotubesNear-IR Photoluminescence of Single-Walled Carbon NanotubesRaman Scattering of Carbon NanotubesConclusions and OutlookLIPID NANOPARTICLE-MEDIATED DETECTION OF PROTEINSIntroduction to LiposomesSaturated LiposomesPolymerized LiposomesConclusionsNANOMATERIALS FOR OPTICAL IMAGINGIntroductionDoped NanoparticlesConclusions and OutlookSEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORSIntroductionAttachment of Biomolecules to Quantum DotsQuantum Dot-Based Redox Proteins BiosensorQuantum Dot-Based Electrochemical Biosensors of Proteins and DNAConclusionsFUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE FOR BIOSENSING APPLICATIONSIntroductionPreparation of GrapheneFunctionalized Graphene with Metal NanoparticlesGlucose Biosensors Based on GrapheneImmunosensors Based on GrapheneOther Electrochemical Biosensors Based on GrapheneConclusionsCURRENT FRONTIERS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS USING CHITOSAN NANOCOMPOSITESIntroductionChitosanChitosan Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical BiosensorsChitosan Nanocomposite-Based Amperometric BiosensorsChitosan Nanocomposite-Based Potentiometric BiosensorsChitosan Nanocomposite-Based Conductimetric BiosensorsConclusions and Future AspectsNANOMATERIALS AS PROMISING DNA BIOSENSORSIntroductionNanomaterials as Single Amplifiers for HybridizationConclusionsNANOCOMPOSITES AND THEIR BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONSIntroductionNanocompositesBiosensorsTypes of BiosensorsBiosensors ApplicationsNanocomposites for Biosensor ApplicationsConclusions