Teaching the fundamental knowledge required for successful dispersion of powders in a liquid, this book covers a host of topics -- from recent advances to industrial applications. In 15 chapters it supports formulation chemists in preparing a suspension in a more rational way, by applying the principles of colloid and interface science, while at the same time enabling the research scientist to discover new methods for preparing stable suspensions. Essential reading for those working in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, paint, ceramic and agricultural industries.

Teaching the fundamental knowledge required for successful dispersion of powders in a liquid, this book covers a host of topics -- from recent advances to industrial applications.In 15 chapters it supports formulation chemists in preparing a suspension in a more rational way, by applying the principles of colloid and interface science, while at the same time enabling the research scientist to discover new methods for preparing stable suspensions.Essential reading for those working in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, paint, ceramic and agricultural industries.

PrefaceGENERAL INTRODUCTIONFundamental Knowledge Required for Successful Dispersions of Powders into LiquidsParticle Dimensions in SuspensionsConcentration Range of SuspensionsOutline of the BookFUNDAMENTALS OF WETTING AND SPREADINGIntroductionThe Concept of the Contact AngleAdhesion TensionWork of Adhesion WaWork of CohesionCalculation of Surface Tension and Contact AngleThe Spreading of Liquids on SurfacesContact Angle HysteresisTHE CRITICAL SURFACE TENSION OF WETTING AND THE ROLE OF SURFACTANTS IN POWDER WETTINGThe Critical Surface Tension of WettingTheoretical Basis of the Critical Surface TensionEffect of Surfactant AdsorptionDynamic Processes of Adsorption and WettingWetting of Powders by LiquidsSTRUCTURE OF THE SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE AND ELECTROSTATIC STABILIZATIONStructure of the Solid-Liquid InterfaceStructure of the Electrical Double LayerDistinction between Specific and Nonspecific Adsorbed IonsElectrical Double-Layer Repulsionvan der Waals AttractionTotal Energy of InteractionFlocculation of SuspensionsCriteria for Stabilization of Dispersions with Double-Layer InteractionELECTROKINETIC PHENOMENA AND ZETA POTENTIALStern-Grahame Model of the Double LayerCalculation of Zeta Potential from Particle MobilityMeasurement of Electrophoretic Mobility and Zeta PotentialElectroacoustic MethodsGENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISPERSING AGENTS AND ADSORPTION OF SURFACTANTS AT THE SOLID/LIQUID INTERFACEClassification of Dispersing AgentsADSORPTION AND CONFORMATION OF POLYMERIC SURFACTANTS AT THE SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACETheories of Polymer AdsorptionExperimental Techniques for Studying Polymeric AdsorptionMeasurement of the Adsorption IsothermMeasurement of the Fraction of Segments pDetermination of the Segment Density Distribution p(z) and Adsorbed Layer Thickness delta hExamples of the Adsorption Isotherms of Nonionic Polymeric SurfactantsAdsorbed Layer Thickness ResultsKinetics of Polymer AdsorptionSTABILIZATION AND DESTABILIZATION OF SUSPENSIONS USING POLYMERIC SURFACTANTS AND THE THEORY OF STERIC STABILIZATIONIntroductionInteraction between Particles Containing Adsorbed Polymeric Surfactant Layers (Steric Stabilization)Flocculation of Sterically Stabilized DispersionsBridging Flocculation by Polymers and PolyelectrolytesExamples for Suspension Stabilization Using Polymeric SurfactantsPolymeric Surfactants for Stabilization of Preformed Latex DispersionsPROPERTIES OF CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONSInterparticle Interactions and Their CombinationDefinition of "Dilute", "Concentrated", and "Solid" SuspensionsStates of Suspension on StandingSEDIMENTATION OF SUSPENSIONS AND PREVENTION OF FORMATION OF DILATANT SEDIMENTSSedimentation Rate of SuspensionsPrevention of Sedimentation and Formation of Dilatant SedimentsCHARACTERIZATION OF SUSPENSIONS AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR STABILITYIntroductionAssessment of the Structure of the Solid/Liquid InterfaceAssessment of Sedimentation of SuspensionsAssessment of Flocculation and Ostwald Ripening (Crystal Growth)Scattering TechniquesMeasurement of Rate of FlocculationMeasurement of Incipient FlocculationMeasurement of Crystal Growth (Ostwald Ripening)Bulk Properties of Suspensions: Equilibrium Sediment Volume (or Height) and RedispersionRHEOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ASSESSMENT OF STABILITY OF SUSPENSIONSIntroductionSteady-State MeasurementsConstant Stress (Creep) MeasurementsDynamic (Oscillatory) MeasurementsRHEOLOGY OF CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONSIntroduction