The aging of the population: a growing concern for spine care in the twenty-first century.- The aging spine.- Natural history of the aging spine.- Overview of osteoporosis: pathophysiology and determinants of bone strength.- Biomechanics of the aging spine.- Recognizing and reporting osteoporotic vertebral fractures.- Principles of management of osteometabolic disorders affecting the aging spine.- Medical treatment of vertebral osteoporosis.- Bisphosphonates in osteoporosis.- The aging spine: new technologies and therapeutics for the osteoporotic spine.- Vertebroplasty for osteoporotic spine fracture: prevention and treatment.- Interdisciplinary approach to balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.- Economic implication of osteoporotic spine disease: cost to society.- Lumbar spinal stenosis in the elderly: an overview.- The conservative surgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis in the elderly.- Cervical myelopathy: clinical and neurophysiological evaluation.- Anterior decompression for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.- Posterior approach to the degenerative cervical spine.- Spinal metastasis in the elderly.