Detailed Table of Contents.- I Object and Methods.- 1 Starting Point and Aim.- 2 Design of the Study.- 2.1 Methodological Implications of a (Retrospective) Comparative Study.- 2.1.1 General Problems.- 2.1.2 The Problem of Hidden Criminality.- 2.2 Selection of the Groups in the Study.- 2.3 Representativeness.- 3 Investigative Procedure.- 3.1 Conduct of the Examinations and Data Collection.- 3.1.1 Contacting the Subjects.- 3.1.2 Collection of Data and Examination of the Subjects.- 3.1.3 Data Collected in the Social Environment of the Subjects.- 3.1.4 Data Collected from Records and Written Information.- 3.2 The Problem of Completeness and Correctness of Data.- 4 Evaluation of the Data.- 4.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 4.2 Stages and Directions of the Individual Evaluations.- 4.2.1 Processing the Data.- 4.2.2 Statistical Evaluation.- 4.3 Evaluation with Regard to a Complex, Overall View.- 4.4 Summary.- II Results in the Separate Areas.- 1 Preliminary Remarks.- 1.1 Division into Separate Areas.- 1.2 Comparisons with Other Studies.- 1.3 General Information on the Presentation.- 2 The Social Spheres.- 2.1 The Family of Orientation.- 2.1.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 2.1.2 External Circumstances of the Family of Orientation.- 2.1.2.1 Socioeconomic Status.- 2.1.2.2 Other External Circumstances.- 2.1.2.3 Vertical Mobility of the Family of Orientation and Intergenerational Mobility.- 2.1.3 Internal Circumstances of the Family of Orientation.- 2.1.3.1 Structural Aspects.- 2.1.3.2 Functional Aspects.- 2.1.3.3 A Critical View.- 2.1.3.4 Excursus: Social Class as a Factor.- 2.1.4 Summary.- 2.2 The Sphere of Abode.- 2.2.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 2.2.2 Places of Abode and Committal.- 2.2.2.1 Overview.- 2.2.2.2 Parents' Home.- 2.2.2.3 Stays in Homes.- 2.2.2.4 Imprisonment.- 2.2.2.5 Military Service.- 2.2.2.6 Age of Separation from Parents' Home.- 2.2.2.7 Own Sphere of Living.- 2.2.3 Changes of Places of Abode.- 2.2.4 Summary.- 2.3 The Sphere of Performance.- 2.3.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 2.3.2 School.- 2.3.2.1 Level of Education.- 2.3.2.2 Conspicuousness at School.- 2.3.2.3 The Socioscholastic Syndrome.- 2.3.2.4 Measures Taken by Schools.- 2.3.2.5 Early and Late Delinquents.- 2.3.3 Occupational Training.- 2.3.3.1 Start and Completion of Occupational Training.- 2.3.3.2 Subjects with No Occupational Training.- 2.3.3.3 External Course of Occupational Training.- 2.3.3.4 Behavior During Occupational Training.- 2.3.4 Employment.- 2.3.4.1 Occupational Position (at the Time of the Study).- 2.3.4.2 Occupational Mobility.- 2.3.4.3 Job Changes.- 2.3.4.4 Regularity of Employment.- 2.3.4.5 Behavior at Work.- 2.3.4.6 The Syndrome of Lacking Occupational Adaptation.- 2.3.4.7 Employment, Imprisonment, and Special Situations in Life.- 2.3.4.8 Special Conspicuousness.- 2.3.4.9 Early and Late Delinquents.- 2.3.5 Summary.- 2.4 The Sphere of Leisure.- 2.4.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 2.4.2 Availability of Leisure Time.- 2.4.2.1 Limitation and Extension of Leisure Time According to Age-groups.- 2.4.2.2 Direction of Leisure Time Extension.- 2.4.3 Structure and Course of Leisure.- 2.4.3.1 Leisure Activities with Definite Courses.- 2.4.3.2 Leisure Activities with Courses Inside Certain Limits.- 2.4.3.3 Leisure Activities with Entirely Open Courses.- 2.4.3.4 Structure and Course According to Age-groups.- 2.4.4 Place of Leisure.- 2.4.4.1 Place of Leisure According to Age-groups.- 2.4.4.2 Place of Leisure According to Whom the Subjects Lived with.- 2.4.4.3 Place of Leisure of Subjects with No Room at Their Disposal.- 2.4.5 Leisure Behavior and Social Class.- 2.4.6 Leisure Behavior of Early and Late Delinquents.- 2.4.7 The Leisure Syndrome.- 2.4.8 Summary.- 2.5 The Sphere of Contacts.- 2.5.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 2.5.2 Contacts with the Family of Orientation.- 2.5.3 Contacts with Friends and Acquaintances.- 2.5.4 Contacts According to Age-groups and to Whom the Subjects Lived with.- 2.5.5 Sexual Contacts.- 2.5.6 Own Family (of Procreation).- 2.5.6.1 Behavior Before Marriage.- 2.5.6.2 Behav

It is with distinct pleasure that I accepted the invitation by Professor Gappinger to write a foreword to Life Style and Criminality, which is the English-language report on the comparative study of young offenders conducted by the Institute of Criminology of Tiibingen University, and a rendition of the content of two of the author's works based on this study and bearing the German titles Der Tater in seinen sozialen Beziigen (The Offender in his Social Relationships) and Ange wandte Kriminologie (Applied Criminology). I consider that the availability in English translation of these Tiibingen studies by Professor Gappinger should be of considerable interest to American criminolo gists. Professor Gappinger is a well-known criminologist in his country, whose vo luminous textbook in criminology recently appeared in its fourth edition. Profes sor Gappinger holds degrees in law and medicine, and throughout his life has made use of both of these background orientations and competencies in his work.