Preface.- Introduction.- Role of the immunological environment in cancer initiation, development and progression.- Part I Tumor Microenvironment and Immunoenvironment.- The metastatic microenvironment.- Tumor infiltration by immune cells: pathologic evaluation and a clinical significance.- Immunologic interpretation of cancer biology: impact on clinical outcome.- Part II Developmental Characteristics of the Tumor ImmunoEnvironment.- Development of antitumor cellular immunity.- The versatile world of inflammatory chemokines in cancer.-Inflammation, Tumor Progression, and Immune Suppression.- Pleiotropic and differential functions of IL-1a and IL-1b shape the tumor microenvironment and affect the outcome of malignancies.- Impact of obesity and aging on the tumor immunoenvironment.- Part III Tumor Escape from Immune Recognition.- MHC class I antigens and the tumor microenvironment.- Tumor-produced immune regulating factors.- Roles of signaling pathways in cancer cells and immune cellsin generation of immunosuppressive tumor-associated microenvironments.- T cell malfunction in the tumor environment.- Signaling of tumor-induced immunosuppression of dendritic cells.- Tumor microenvironment may shape the function and phenotype of NK cells through the induction of split anergy and generation of regulatory NK cells.- Part IV Immune Regulators in the Tumor ImmunoEnvironment.- The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer.- Macrophage differentiation and activation states in the tumor microenvironment.- Dendritic cells and cancer: development, dysfunction and therapeutic targets.- The role of tumor-associated neutrophils in cancer.- Mast cell modulation of the tumor microenvironment.- Regulatory T cells in patients with cancer.- Tumor-evoked regulatory B cells as important mediators of cancer escape.- Part V Tumor Escape and Cancer Immunotherapy.- Cancer immunotherapy: Overview in brief.- Programming of MDSC: New opportunities for targeted therapy.- Therapeutictargeting regulatory T cells in tumor.-ChemoImmunoModulation: Focus on myeloid regulatory cells.- Combining vaccines with therapies that render tumor cells more susceptible to immune mediated killing.- Prophylactic Cancer Vaccines.- Part VI Analyzing Immune Responses in Cancer.- Approaches to Immunologic Monitoring of Clinical Trials.- Evaluation of the tumor immunoenvironment in clinical trials.- Analysis of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells in Patients with Cancer.- When results of T cell immune monitoring match or do not match clinical outcomes of tumor vaccine trials - what more could and should we measure?