Recent innovations in high-throughput diagnostics such as microarrays and proteomics have enabled the discovery of new disease markers in a range of pathologies. This review is a single-source synopsis of the basic science and applications of biomarkers.

The well-being of humankind is dependent upon advances in biological and clinical sciences. For many diseases, an early diagnosis and objective measures of outcomes are essential for reducing mortality and morbidity. Part of this package entails the appropriate use of biomarkers. These are biological indicators which often are used routinely in the clinical setting. Recent advances in the chemical and physical sciences have enabled new biomarkers to be developed. This does not mean that traditional markers are redundant as detailed investigations have identified both limitations and advantages in their usage as well as new applications.  This book General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications combines both traditional, new and emerging biomarkers in a single publication. The chapters contained in this book have wide applicability to many diseases.

Biomarker for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Motor Neurone Disease).- Biomarkers and their applications to toxicology and toxicogenomics.- Biomarkers for Depression.- Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Current Concerns and Future Prospects.- Biomarkers in Urine and Use of Creatinine.- Biomarkers of Graft-Versus-Host Disease.- Biomarkers of Menopause.- Biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease.- Biomarkers of Vector Bites.- Biomarkers of the menopause.- Chronic Heart Failure and Serum Collagen.- FABP3 as biomarkers.- Fetal Membrane Biomarkers.- Flow Cytometry as Platform for Biomarker Evaluation.- Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET) sections for biomarker discovery.- Glycomics as biomarkers.- Inflammasome Proteins as Biomarkers of Injury and Disease.- Isoprostanes as biomarkers of disease and early biological effect.-Mass spectrometry for biomarker discovery.- Micro RNA as Biomarker for Brain Injury.- MIP-1alpha as biomarker.- Natriuretic Peptides for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Heart Failure.- OMICS-based approaches to biomarker discovery and challenges of subsequent validation.- Pediatric biomarkers after cardac surgery.- Pentraxin 3 as Biomarker.- pfetin: Novel prognostic biomarker.- Plasma galectin-3 as biomarker.- S100B as a Biomarker.- Salivary amylase as a stress biomarker.- Seasonal allergic rhinitis and systems biology-oriented biomarker discovery.- Serum Heat Shock Proteins as Novel Biomarker for Heart Failure.- Urinary Biomarkers of Environmental Health: Jet Fuel.- YKL-40 as Biomarker: Focus on Cardiovascular Disease.