The attributes of an effective clinical teacher 54 Improving ward-based teaching 55 57 Improving the clinical tutorial 60 Alternatives to traditional ward teaching 'lechniques for teaching particular practical and clinical skills 62 Evaluating clinical and practical teaching 66 67 Guided reading 69 CHAPTER FIVE: PLANNING A COURSE 70 Introduction 70 Who should be responsible for course design? Objectives and course design 71 Writing objectives 72 Relating objectives to teaching and learning activities 76 Relating objectives to assessment methods 78 Sequencing and organizing the course 80 'Ihlditional versus innovative curricula 80 Other course design considerations 81 Evaluating the course 82 Guided reading 83 CHAPTER SIX: ASSESSING THE STUDENTS 85 Introduction 86 The purpose of assessment 86 What you should know about educational measurement 88 Assessment methods 91 Types of assessment 91 Essay 92 Short-answer 94 Structured (written) 95 Objective tests 98 Direct observation 106 Oral 109 Structured (clinical/practical) 111 Self-assessment 111 Reporting the results of assessment 113 Guided reading 114 CHAPTER SEVEN: PREPARING TEACHING MD'ERIALS AND USING TEACHING AIDS 117 Introduction 118 Basic principles of teaching material preparation 118 Types of teaching material and aids 119 vi The overhead projector 120 The blackboard 123 The 3Smm slide projector 125 Video and film 127 'Jape-slide presentations 133 Printed materials 134 New technologies 136 Evaluating teaching materials 137 Guided reading 138 CHAPTER EIGHT: HELPING STUDENTS LEARN 139 Introduction 140 How students learn 140 Learning more effectively 142 Guided reading 145 APPENDIX: WHERE TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT MEDICAL EDUCATION 147 Books 148

The attributes of an effective clinical teacher 54 Improving ward-based teaching 55 57 Improving the clinical tutorial 60 Alternatives to traditional ward teaching 'lechniques for teaching particular practical and clinical skills 62 Evaluating clinical and practical teaching 66 67 Guided reading 69 CHAPTER FIVE: PLANNING A COURSE 70 Introduction 70 Who should be responsible for course design? Objectives and course design 71 Writing objectives 72 Relating objectives to teaching and learning activities 76 Relating objectives to assessment methods 78 Sequencing and organizing the course 80 'Ihlditional versus innovative curricula 80 Other course design considerations 81 Evaluating the course 82 Guided reading 83 CHAPTER SIX: ASSESSING THE STUDENTS 85 Introduction 86 The purpose of assessment 86 What you should know about educational measurement 88 Assessment methods 91 Types of assessment 91 Essay 92 Short-answer 94 Structured (written) 95 Objective tests 98 Direct observation 106 Oral 109 Structured (clinical/practical) 111 Self-assessment 111 Reporting the results of assessment 113 Guided reading 114 CHAPTER SEVEN: PREPARING TEACHING MD'ERIALS AND USING TEACHING AIDS 117 Introduction 118 Basic principles of teaching material preparation 118 Types of teaching material and aids 119 vi The overhead projector 120 The blackboard 123 The 3Smm slide projector 125 Video and film 127 'Jape-slide presentations 133 Printed materials 134 New technologies 136 Evaluating teaching materials 137 Guided reading 138 CHAPTER EIGHT: HELPING STUDENTS LEARN 139 Introduction 140 How students learn 140 Learning more effectively 142 Guided reading 145 APPENDIX: WHERE TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT MEDICAL EDUCATION 147 Books 148