This book focuses on sciences in the universities of Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and the chapters in it provide an overview, mostly from the point of view of the history of science, of the different ways universities dealt with the institutionalization of science teaching and research. A useful book for understanding the deep changes that universities were undergoing in the last years of the 20^th century. The book is organized around four central themes: 1) Universities in the longue durée; 2) Universities in diverse political contexts; 3) Universities and academic research; 4) Universities and discipline formation. The book is addressed at a broad readership which includes scholars and researchers in the field of General History, Cultural History, History of Universities, History of Education, History of Science and Technology, Science Policy, high school teachers, undergraduate and graduate students of sciences and humanities, and the general interested public.

PART I: UNIVERSITIES IN THE LONGUE DURÉE.- Chapter 1: “Those That Have Most Money Must Have Least Learning”: Undergraduate Education at the University of Oxford in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries; Robert Wells.- Chapter 2: From Ørsted to Bohr: The Sciences and the Danish University System, 1800-1920; Helge Kragh.- Chapter 3: Changing Concepts of “the University” and Oxford’s Governance Debates, 1850s-2000s; Andrew M. Boggs.- Chapter 4: Challenging the Backlash: Women Science Students in Italian Universities, 1870s-2000s; Paola Govoni.- Chapter 5: The University of Strasbourg and World Wars; Pierre Laszlo.- Chapter 6: Universities in Central Europe: Changing Perspectives in the Troubled Twentieth Century; Petr Svobodny.- PART II: UNIVERSITIES IN DIVERSE POLITICAL CONTEXTS.- Chapter 7: University Models in Changing Political Contexts; Gabor Pallo.- Chapter 8: The Autonomous Industrial University of Barcelona and the Frustrated Expectations of Democracy in Pre-war Spain, 1933-34? Antoni Roca-Rosell.- Chapter 9: Reform and Repression: Manuel Lora Tamayo and the Spanish University in the 1960s; Agustí Nieto-Galan.- Chapter 10: Universities in Russia: Current Reforms through the Prism of Soviet Heritage and International Practice; Evgeny Vodichev.- PART III: UNIVERSITIES AND ACADEMIC RESEARCH.- Chapter 11: University Societies and Clubs in Nineteenth and Twentieth-century Britain and their Role in the Promotion of Research; William Lubenow.- Chapter 12: The German Model of Laboratory Science and the European Periphery, 1860-1914; Geert Vanpaemel.- Chapter 13: Foundation of the Lisbon Polytechnic School Astronomical Observatory in Late Nineteenth Century: A Step Towards Establishing a University in Lisbon; Luís Miguel Carolino.- Chapter 14: The Political and Cultural Revolution of the CNRS: An Attempt at the Systematic Organization of Research in Opposition to “the Academic Spirit”; Robert Belot.- Chapter 15: Visions of Science:Research at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon seen through its Journal; Maria Paula Diogo, Ana Carneiro and Ana Simões.- PART IV: UNIVERSITIES AND DISCIPLINE FORMATION.- Chapter 16: The Reforms of the Austrian University System and their Influence on the Process of Discipline Formation, 1848–1860; Christof Aichner.- Chapter 17: The Physics Laboratory of Leiden University; Dirk von Delft.- Chapter 18: A Peripheral Center: Early Quantum Physics at Cambridge; Jaume Navarro.- Chapter 19: From the Museum to the Field: Geology Teaching in the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon; Teresa Salomé Mota.- Chapter 20: The Emergence of Biotypology in Brazilian Medicine: The Italian Model, Textbooks, and Discipline Building, 1930-1940; Ana Carolina Vimieiro Gomes.- Epilogue.