This book brings together reviews from international experts who are exploring the biological activities of nanomaterials for medical applications or to better understand nanotoxicity. Topics include but are not limited to the following: 1) mechanistic understanding of nanostructure-bioactivity relationships; 2) the regulation of nanoparticles’ bioactivity by means of chemical modification; 3) the new methodologies and standard methods used to assess nanoparticles’ bioactivity; 4) the mechanisms involved in nanoparticle-biomolecule interactions and nanoparticle-cell interactions; and 5) biomedical applications of nanotechnology. The book will be a valuable resource for a broad readership in various subfields of chemical science, engineering, biology, environment, and medicine.

The toxicity of nanoparticles to algae.- Terrestrial nanotoxicology: Evaluating the nano-biointeractions in vascular plants.- Effects of Surface Coating on the Bioactivity of Metal-based Engineered Nanoparticles: Lessons Learned from Higher Plants.- Nanoparticles-Induced Oxidative Stress.- The Interactions between Engineered Nano-materials and Biomolecules.- Surface Engineering: Incorporation of Bioactive Compound.- Riboflavin-Conjugated Multivalent Dendrimer Platform for Cancer-Targeted Drug and Gene Delivery.- Nanomaterials in Cancer Theranostics.- Pluronic Nanotechnology for Overcoming Drug Resistance.- Silver Nanoparticles in Natural Environment: Formation, Fate, and Toxicity.- Experimental Research into Metallic and Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Toxicity in Vivo.- Hepatic Injuries Induced by Engineered Nanomaterials.- Silicon Quantum Dots: From Synthesis to Bio-Applications.- Quantitative Nanostructure-Activity Relation-ships: Methods, Case Studies, and Perspectives.