As the impacts of anthropogenic activities increase in both magnitude and extent, biodiversity is coming under increasing pressure. Scientists and policy makers are frequently hampered by a lack of information on biological systems, particularly information relating to long-term trends. Such information is crucial to developing an understanding as to how biodiversity may respond to global environmental change. Knowledge gaps make it very difficult to develop effective policies and legislation to reduce and reverse biodiversity loss. This book explores the gap between global commitments to biodiversity conservation, and local action to track biodiversity change and implement conservation action. High profile international political commitments to improve biodiversity conservation, such as the targets set by the Convention on Biological Diversity, require innovative and rapid responses from both science and policy. This multi-disciplinary perspective highlights barriers to conservation and offers novel solutions to evaluating trends in biodiversity at multiple scales.

As the impacts of anthropogenic activities increase in both magnitude and extent, biodiversity is coming under increasing pressure. Scientists and policy makers are frequently hampered by a lack of information on biological systems, particularly information relating to long-term trends. Such information is crucial to developing an understanding as to how biodiversity may respond to global environmental change. Knowledge gaps make it very difficult to develop effective policies and legislation to reduce and reverse biodiversity loss.This book explores the gap between global commitments to biodiversity conservation, and local action to track biodiversity change and implement conservation action. High profile international political commitments to improve biodiversity conservation, such as the targets set by the Convention on Biological Diversity, require innovative and rapid responses from both science and policy. This multi-disciplinary perspective highlights barriers to conservation and offers novel solutions to evaluating trends in biodiversity at multiple scales.

Contributors xiAcknowledgements xv1. Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation: Bridging the Gaps Between Global Commitment and Local Action 1Ben Collen, Nathalie Pettorelli, Jonathan E.M. Baillie and SarahM. DurantPart I Species-Based Indicators of Biodiversity Change 172. Tracking Change in National-Level Conservation Status: National Red Lists 19Ben Collen, Janine Griffiths, Yolan Friedmann, Jon Paul Rodriguez, Franklin Rojas-Suarez and Jonathan E.M. Baillie3. TheWildlife Picture Index: A Biodiversity Indicator for Top Trophic Levels 45Timothy G. O'Brien and Margaret F. Kinnaird4. Tracking Change in Abundance: The Living Planet Index 71Ben Collen, Louise McRae, Jonathan Loh, Stefanie Deinet, Adriana De Palma, Robyn Manley and Jonathan E.M. BailliePart II Indicators of the Pressures on Biodiversity 955. Satellite Data-Based Indices to Monitor Land Use and Habitat Changes 97Nathalie Pettorelli6. Indicators of Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity 120Wendy B. Foden, Georgina M. Mace and Stuart H.M. Butchart7. Monitoring Trends in Biological Invasion, its Impact andPolicyResponses 138Piero Genovesi, Stuart H.M. Butchart, Melodie A. McGeoch and David B. Roy8. Exploitation Indices: Developing Global and National Metrics of Wildlife Use and Trade 159Rosamunde E.A. Almond, Stuart H.M. Butchart, Thomasina E.E. Oldfield, Louise McRae and Steven de Bie9. Personalized Measures of Consumption and Development in the Context of Biodiversity Conservation: Connecting the Ecological Footprint Calculation with the Human Footprint Map 189Eric W. SandersonPart III The Next Generation of Biodiversity Indicators 21110. Indicator Bats Program: A System for the Global Acoustic Monitoring of Bats 213Kate E. Jones, Jon A. Russ, Andriy-Taras Bashta, Zoltan Bilhari, Colin Catto, Istvan Csosz, Alexander Gorbachev, Peter Gyorfi, Alice Hughes, Igor Ivashkiv, Natalia Koryagina, Aniko Kurali, Steve Langton, Alanna Collen, Georgiana Margiean, Ivan Pandourski, Stuart Parsons, Igor Prokofev, Abigel Szodoray-Paradi, Farkas Szodoray-Paradi, Elena Tilova, Charlotte L. Walters, Aidan Weatherill and Oleg Zavarzin11. Occupancy Methods for Conservation Management 248Darryl I. MacKenzie and James T. Reardon12. Monitoring and Evaluating the Socioeconomic Impacts of Conservation Projects on Local Communities 265Katherine Homewood13. Science to Policy Linkages for the Post-2010 Biodiversity Targets 291Georgina M. Mace, Charles Perrings, Philippe Le Prestre, Wolfgang Cramer, Sandra Diaz, Anne Larigauderie, Robert J. Scholes and Harold A. MooneyPart IV Biodiversity Monitoring in Practice 31114. Building Sustainable National Monitoring Networks 313Sarah M. Durant15. Monitoring in the Real World 335Julia P.G. Jones16. Monitoring in UNDP-GEF Biodiversity Projects: Balancing Conservation Priorities, Financial Realities, and Scientific Rigour 348Sultana Bashir17. Scaling Up or Down? LinkingGlobal and National Biodiversity Indicators and Reporting 402Philip Bubb18. Conserving Biodiversity in a Target-Driven World 421Simon N. Stuart and Ben CollenIndex 439